Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize

The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Tasuku Honjo and James Allison for their discoveries in cancer immunology. Professor Honjo was awarded due to his discovery of the programmed death molecule-1 (PD-1) on T cells. Professor Allison discovered another important immunosuppres...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Huang, Pei-Wei, Chang, John Wen-Cheng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Chang Gung University 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6889239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31783990
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2019.09.002
_version_ 1783475373849182208
author Huang, Pei-Wei
Chang, John Wen-Cheng
author_facet Huang, Pei-Wei
Chang, John Wen-Cheng
author_sort Huang, Pei-Wei
collection PubMed
description The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Tasuku Honjo and James Allison for their discoveries in cancer immunology. Professor Honjo was awarded due to his discovery of the programmed death molecule-1 (PD-1) on T cells. Professor Allison discovered another important immunosuppressive molecule: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Suppression of T cell activation by PD-1 and/or CTLA-4 is considered one of the major escape mechanisms of cancer cells. Inhibition of these molecules by immune checkpoint inhibitors can successfully activate the immune system to fight cancer. Checkpoint inhibitors have brought about a major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, reviving the hope of curing patients with end-stage cancer, including a wide variety of cancer types. In metastatic malignant melanoma, the previous long-term survival of only 5% can now be extended to 50% with anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 combined treatment in the latest report. More checkpoint molecules such as lymphocyte-activation gene 3 and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 are under investigation. The achievement of Drs. Honjo and Allison in cancer immunotherapy has encouraged research into other immune-pathological diseases.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6889239
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher Chang Gung University
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-68892392019-12-12 Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize Huang, Pei-Wei Chang, John Wen-Cheng Biomed J News and Perspective The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Tasuku Honjo and James Allison for their discoveries in cancer immunology. Professor Honjo was awarded due to his discovery of the programmed death molecule-1 (PD-1) on T cells. Professor Allison discovered another important immunosuppressive molecule: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Suppression of T cell activation by PD-1 and/or CTLA-4 is considered one of the major escape mechanisms of cancer cells. Inhibition of these molecules by immune checkpoint inhibitors can successfully activate the immune system to fight cancer. Checkpoint inhibitors have brought about a major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, reviving the hope of curing patients with end-stage cancer, including a wide variety of cancer types. In metastatic malignant melanoma, the previous long-term survival of only 5% can now be extended to 50% with anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 combined treatment in the latest report. More checkpoint molecules such as lymphocyte-activation gene 3 and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 are under investigation. The achievement of Drs. Honjo and Allison in cancer immunotherapy has encouraged research into other immune-pathological diseases. Chang Gung University 2019-10 2019-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6889239/ /pubmed/31783990 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2019.09.002 Text en © 2019 Chang Gung University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle News and Perspective
Huang, Pei-Wei
Chang, John Wen-Cheng
Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize
title Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize
title_full Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize
title_fullStr Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize
title_full_unstemmed Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize
title_short Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize
title_sort immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 nobel prize
topic News and Perspective
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6889239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31783990
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2019.09.002
work_keys_str_mv AT huangpeiwei immunecheckpointinhibitorswinthe2018nobelprize
AT changjohnwencheng immunecheckpointinhibitorswinthe2018nobelprize