Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Tasuku Honjo and James Allison for their discoveries in cancer immunology. Professor Honjo was awarded due to his discovery of the programmed death molecule-1 (PD-1) on T cells. Professor Allison discovered another important immunosuppres...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Chang Gung University
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6889239/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31783990 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2019.09.002 |
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author | Huang, Pei-Wei Chang, John Wen-Cheng |
author_facet | Huang, Pei-Wei Chang, John Wen-Cheng |
author_sort | Huang, Pei-Wei |
collection | PubMed |
description | The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Tasuku Honjo and James Allison for their discoveries in cancer immunology. Professor Honjo was awarded due to his discovery of the programmed death molecule-1 (PD-1) on T cells. Professor Allison discovered another important immunosuppressive molecule: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Suppression of T cell activation by PD-1 and/or CTLA-4 is considered one of the major escape mechanisms of cancer cells. Inhibition of these molecules by immune checkpoint inhibitors can successfully activate the immune system to fight cancer. Checkpoint inhibitors have brought about a major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, reviving the hope of curing patients with end-stage cancer, including a wide variety of cancer types. In metastatic malignant melanoma, the previous long-term survival of only 5% can now be extended to 50% with anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 combined treatment in the latest report. More checkpoint molecules such as lymphocyte-activation gene 3 and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 are under investigation. The achievement of Drs. Honjo and Allison in cancer immunotherapy has encouraged research into other immune-pathological diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6889239 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Chang Gung University |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68892392019-12-12 Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize Huang, Pei-Wei Chang, John Wen-Cheng Biomed J News and Perspective The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Tasuku Honjo and James Allison for their discoveries in cancer immunology. Professor Honjo was awarded due to his discovery of the programmed death molecule-1 (PD-1) on T cells. Professor Allison discovered another important immunosuppressive molecule: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Suppression of T cell activation by PD-1 and/or CTLA-4 is considered one of the major escape mechanisms of cancer cells. Inhibition of these molecules by immune checkpoint inhibitors can successfully activate the immune system to fight cancer. Checkpoint inhibitors have brought about a major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, reviving the hope of curing patients with end-stage cancer, including a wide variety of cancer types. In metastatic malignant melanoma, the previous long-term survival of only 5% can now be extended to 50% with anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 combined treatment in the latest report. More checkpoint molecules such as lymphocyte-activation gene 3 and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 are under investigation. The achievement of Drs. Honjo and Allison in cancer immunotherapy has encouraged research into other immune-pathological diseases. Chang Gung University 2019-10 2019-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6889239/ /pubmed/31783990 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2019.09.002 Text en © 2019 Chang Gung University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | News and Perspective Huang, Pei-Wei Chang, John Wen-Cheng Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize |
title | Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize |
title_full | Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize |
title_fullStr | Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize |
title_full_unstemmed | Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize |
title_short | Immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 Nobel Prize |
title_sort | immune checkpoint inhibitors win the 2018 nobel prize |
topic | News and Perspective |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6889239/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31783990 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2019.09.002 |
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