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Combination of STING Pathway Agonist With Saponin Is an Effective Adjuvant in Immunosenescent Mice
There is an urgent need to improve protective responses to influenza vaccination in the elderly population, which is at especially high risk for adverse outcomes from influenza infection. Currently available inactivated vaccines provide limited protection, even when a 4-fold higher dose of the vacci...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935580/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31921219 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.03006 |
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author | Vassilieva, Elena V. Taylor, Dahnide W. Compans, Richard W. |
author_facet | Vassilieva, Elena V. Taylor, Dahnide W. Compans, Richard W. |
author_sort | Vassilieva, Elena V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is an urgent need to improve protective responses to influenza vaccination in the elderly population, which is at especially high risk for adverse outcomes from influenza infection. Currently available inactivated vaccines provide limited protection, even when a 4-fold higher dose of the vaccine is administered. Adjuvants are often added to vaccines to boost protective efficacy. Here we describe a novel combination of an activator of the STING pathway, 2′,3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) with a saponin adjuvant, that we found to be highly effective in boosting protective immunity from vaccination in an aged mouse model. Using this combination with a subunit influenza vaccine, we observed that survival of vaccinated 20 month-old mice after lethal challenge increased from 0 to 20% with unadjuvanted vaccine to 80–100%, depending on the vaccination route. Compared to unadjuvanted vaccine, the levels of vaccine-specific IgG and IgG2a increased by almost two orders of magnitude as early as 2 weeks after a single immunization with the adjuvanted formulation. By analyzing phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in cell culture, we provide evidence that the saponin component increases access of exogenous cGAMP to the intracellular STING pathway. Our findings suggest that combining a STING activator with a saponin-based adjuvant increases the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in aged hosts, without having to increase dose or perform additional vaccinations. This study reports a novel adjuvant combination that (a) is more effective than current methods of boosting vaccine efficacy, (b) can be used to enhance efficacy of licensed influenza vaccines, and (c) results in effective protection using a single vaccine dose. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6935580 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69355802020-01-09 Combination of STING Pathway Agonist With Saponin Is an Effective Adjuvant in Immunosenescent Mice Vassilieva, Elena V. Taylor, Dahnide W. Compans, Richard W. Front Immunol Immunology There is an urgent need to improve protective responses to influenza vaccination in the elderly population, which is at especially high risk for adverse outcomes from influenza infection. Currently available inactivated vaccines provide limited protection, even when a 4-fold higher dose of the vaccine is administered. Adjuvants are often added to vaccines to boost protective efficacy. Here we describe a novel combination of an activator of the STING pathway, 2′,3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) with a saponin adjuvant, that we found to be highly effective in boosting protective immunity from vaccination in an aged mouse model. Using this combination with a subunit influenza vaccine, we observed that survival of vaccinated 20 month-old mice after lethal challenge increased from 0 to 20% with unadjuvanted vaccine to 80–100%, depending on the vaccination route. Compared to unadjuvanted vaccine, the levels of vaccine-specific IgG and IgG2a increased by almost two orders of magnitude as early as 2 weeks after a single immunization with the adjuvanted formulation. By analyzing phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in cell culture, we provide evidence that the saponin component increases access of exogenous cGAMP to the intracellular STING pathway. Our findings suggest that combining a STING activator with a saponin-based adjuvant increases the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in aged hosts, without having to increase dose or perform additional vaccinations. This study reports a novel adjuvant combination that (a) is more effective than current methods of boosting vaccine efficacy, (b) can be used to enhance efficacy of licensed influenza vaccines, and (c) results in effective protection using a single vaccine dose. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6935580/ /pubmed/31921219 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.03006 Text en Copyright © 2019 Vassilieva, Taylor and Compans. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Vassilieva, Elena V. Taylor, Dahnide W. Compans, Richard W. Combination of STING Pathway Agonist With Saponin Is an Effective Adjuvant in Immunosenescent Mice |
title | Combination of STING Pathway Agonist With Saponin Is an Effective Adjuvant in Immunosenescent Mice |
title_full | Combination of STING Pathway Agonist With Saponin Is an Effective Adjuvant in Immunosenescent Mice |
title_fullStr | Combination of STING Pathway Agonist With Saponin Is an Effective Adjuvant in Immunosenescent Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Combination of STING Pathway Agonist With Saponin Is an Effective Adjuvant in Immunosenescent Mice |
title_short | Combination of STING Pathway Agonist With Saponin Is an Effective Adjuvant in Immunosenescent Mice |
title_sort | combination of sting pathway agonist with saponin is an effective adjuvant in immunosenescent mice |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935580/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31921219 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.03006 |
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