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Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel

Orange peel is a by-product produced in large amounts that acts as a source of natural pigments such as carotenoids. Xanthophylls, the main carotenoid class found in citrus fruit, can be present in its free form or esterified with fatty acids, forming esters. This esterification modifies the compoun...

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Autores principales: Murador, Daniella C., Salafia, Fabio, Zoccali, Mariosimone, Martins, Paula L. G., Ferreira, Antônio G., Dugo, Paola, Mondello, Luigi, de Rosso, Veridiana V., Giuffrida, Daniele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6943544/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31816926
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120613
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author Murador, Daniella C.
Salafia, Fabio
Zoccali, Mariosimone
Martins, Paula L. G.
Ferreira, Antônio G.
Dugo, Paola
Mondello, Luigi
de Rosso, Veridiana V.
Giuffrida, Daniele
author_facet Murador, Daniella C.
Salafia, Fabio
Zoccali, Mariosimone
Martins, Paula L. G.
Ferreira, Antônio G.
Dugo, Paola
Mondello, Luigi
de Rosso, Veridiana V.
Giuffrida, Daniele
author_sort Murador, Daniella C.
collection PubMed
description Orange peel is a by-product produced in large amounts that acts as a source of natural pigments such as carotenoids. Xanthophylls, the main carotenoid class found in citrus fruit, can be present in its free form or esterified with fatty acids, forming esters. This esterification modifies the compound’s chemical properties, affecting their bioavailability in the human body, and making it important to characterize the native carotenoid composition of food matrices. We aimed to evaluate the non-saponified carotenoid extracts of orange peel (cv. Pera) obtained using alternative green approaches: extraction with ionic liquid (IL), analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and mass spectrometry HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), followed by supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection (SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS) in an online system. Both alternative green methods were successfully applied, allowing the total identification of five free carotenoids, one apocarotenoid, seven monoesters, and 11 diesters in the extract obtained with IL and analyzed by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and nine free carotenoids, six carotenoids esters, 19 apocarotenoids, and eight apo-esters with the SFE-SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS approach, including several free apocarotenoids and apocarotenoid esters identified for the first time in oranges, and particularly in the Pera variety, which could be used as a fruit authenticity parameter.
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spelling pubmed-69435442020-01-10 Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel Murador, Daniella C. Salafia, Fabio Zoccali, Mariosimone Martins, Paula L. G. Ferreira, Antônio G. Dugo, Paola Mondello, Luigi de Rosso, Veridiana V. Giuffrida, Daniele Antioxidants (Basel) Article Orange peel is a by-product produced in large amounts that acts as a source of natural pigments such as carotenoids. Xanthophylls, the main carotenoid class found in citrus fruit, can be present in its free form or esterified with fatty acids, forming esters. This esterification modifies the compound’s chemical properties, affecting their bioavailability in the human body, and making it important to characterize the native carotenoid composition of food matrices. We aimed to evaluate the non-saponified carotenoid extracts of orange peel (cv. Pera) obtained using alternative green approaches: extraction with ionic liquid (IL), analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and mass spectrometry HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), followed by supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection (SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS) in an online system. Both alternative green methods were successfully applied, allowing the total identification of five free carotenoids, one apocarotenoid, seven monoesters, and 11 diesters in the extract obtained with IL and analyzed by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and nine free carotenoids, six carotenoids esters, 19 apocarotenoids, and eight apo-esters with the SFE-SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS approach, including several free apocarotenoids and apocarotenoid esters identified for the first time in oranges, and particularly in the Pera variety, which could be used as a fruit authenticity parameter. MDPI 2019-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6943544/ /pubmed/31816926 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120613 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Murador, Daniella C.
Salafia, Fabio
Zoccali, Mariosimone
Martins, Paula L. G.
Ferreira, Antônio G.
Dugo, Paola
Mondello, Luigi
de Rosso, Veridiana V.
Giuffrida, Daniele
Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel
title Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel
title_full Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel
title_fullStr Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel
title_full_unstemmed Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel
title_short Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel
title_sort green extraction approaches for carotenoids and esters: characterization of native composition from orange peel
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6943544/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31816926
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120613
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