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Can a modified theory of planned behavior explain the effects of empowerment education for people with type 2 diabetes?
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of the Patient Empowerment Program (PEP) has been demonstrated in people with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the underlying reasons for its effectiveness remain unclear. To improve effectiveness, we need to study the psychological mechanism(s) of PEP to understand why...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6945455/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31934326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042018819897522 |
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author | Lin, Chung-Ying Cheung, Mike K. T. Hung, Anchor T. F. Poon, Peter K. K. Chan, Sam C. C. Chan, Chetwyn C. H. |
author_facet | Lin, Chung-Ying Cheung, Mike K. T. Hung, Anchor T. F. Poon, Peter K. K. Chan, Sam C. C. Chan, Chetwyn C. H. |
author_sort | Lin, Chung-Ying |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of the Patient Empowerment Program (PEP) has been demonstrated in people with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the underlying reasons for its effectiveness remain unclear. To improve effectiveness, we need to study the psychological mechanism(s) of PEP to understand why it is effective. This study hypothesized that the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), modified specifically for people with DM, could describe the mechanism explaining PEP effects. METHODS: A longitudinal design was used. Patients with type 2 DM (n = 365; 151 males; mean age = 62.9 ± 9.6 years) received two education sessions (i.e. seminars delivered by registered nurses to provide disease-specific knowledge), and some (n = 210) further enrolled afterwards in five empowerment sessions (i.e. small-group interactive workshops conducted by social workers to practice action planning, problem solving, and experience sharing). Validated questionnaires were used to measure risk perception, health literacy, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention on diabetes self-care behaviors, and four diabetes self-care behaviors (diet control, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care) at baseline. Three months later (i.e. at the end of PEP), all participants completed the behavioral intention and diabetes self-care behaviors measures again. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and diabetes self-care behaviors were assessed to represent the TPB constructs. Risk perception and health literacy elements relevant to people with DM were assessed and added to modify the TPB. RESULTS: The behavioral intention was associated with three diabetes self-care behaviors: exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care. The behavioral intention was found to be a significant mediator in the following relationships: empowerment session participation and exercise (β = 0.045, p = 0.04), and empowerment session participation and foot care (β = 0.099, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of enrollment of empowerment sessions in PEP on exercise and foot care were likely to be mediated through behavioral intention. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6945455 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69454552020-01-13 Can a modified theory of planned behavior explain the effects of empowerment education for people with type 2 diabetes? Lin, Chung-Ying Cheung, Mike K. T. Hung, Anchor T. F. Poon, Peter K. K. Chan, Sam C. C. Chan, Chetwyn C. H. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab Original Research BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of the Patient Empowerment Program (PEP) has been demonstrated in people with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the underlying reasons for its effectiveness remain unclear. To improve effectiveness, we need to study the psychological mechanism(s) of PEP to understand why it is effective. This study hypothesized that the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), modified specifically for people with DM, could describe the mechanism explaining PEP effects. METHODS: A longitudinal design was used. Patients with type 2 DM (n = 365; 151 males; mean age = 62.9 ± 9.6 years) received two education sessions (i.e. seminars delivered by registered nurses to provide disease-specific knowledge), and some (n = 210) further enrolled afterwards in five empowerment sessions (i.e. small-group interactive workshops conducted by social workers to practice action planning, problem solving, and experience sharing). Validated questionnaires were used to measure risk perception, health literacy, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention on diabetes self-care behaviors, and four diabetes self-care behaviors (diet control, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care) at baseline. Three months later (i.e. at the end of PEP), all participants completed the behavioral intention and diabetes self-care behaviors measures again. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and diabetes self-care behaviors were assessed to represent the TPB constructs. Risk perception and health literacy elements relevant to people with DM were assessed and added to modify the TPB. RESULTS: The behavioral intention was associated with three diabetes self-care behaviors: exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care. The behavioral intention was found to be a significant mediator in the following relationships: empowerment session participation and exercise (β = 0.045, p = 0.04), and empowerment session participation and foot care (β = 0.099, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of enrollment of empowerment sessions in PEP on exercise and foot care were likely to be mediated through behavioral intention. SAGE Publications 2020-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6945455/ /pubmed/31934326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042018819897522 Text en © The Author(s), 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Lin, Chung-Ying Cheung, Mike K. T. Hung, Anchor T. F. Poon, Peter K. K. Chan, Sam C. C. Chan, Chetwyn C. H. Can a modified theory of planned behavior explain the effects of empowerment education for people with type 2 diabetes? |
title | Can a modified theory of planned behavior explain the effects of empowerment education for people with type 2 diabetes? |
title_full | Can a modified theory of planned behavior explain the effects of empowerment education for people with type 2 diabetes? |
title_fullStr | Can a modified theory of planned behavior explain the effects of empowerment education for people with type 2 diabetes? |
title_full_unstemmed | Can a modified theory of planned behavior explain the effects of empowerment education for people with type 2 diabetes? |
title_short | Can a modified theory of planned behavior explain the effects of empowerment education for people with type 2 diabetes? |
title_sort | can a modified theory of planned behavior explain the effects of empowerment education for people with type 2 diabetes? |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6945455/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31934326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042018819897522 |
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