Inhibition of lysine‐specific demethylase 1A suppresses neointimal hyperplasia by targeting bone morphogenetic protein 2 and mediating vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype

OBJECTIVES: Vascular disorders are associated with phenotypical switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We investigated the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2 in controlling VSMC phenotype and vascular disorder progression. Lysine (K)‐specific demethylase 1A (KDM1A) has been identified to target BMP‐2 and is employed as a therapeutic means of regulating BMP‐2 expression in VSMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VSMCs were stimulated with angiotensin II, and the expression of KDM1A and BMP‐2 was detected. VSMC proliferation, apoptosis, and phenotype were evaluated. An in vivo aortic injury model was established, and VSMC behaviour was evaluated by the expression of key markers. The activation of BMP‐2–associated signalling pathways was examined. RESULTS: We confirmed the inhibitory effect of KDM1A on BMP‐2 activity and demonstrated that KDM1A inhibition prevented VSMC transformation from a contractile to synthetic phenotype. In angiotensin II‐treated VSMCs, KDM1A inhibition triggered a decrease in cell proliferation and inflammatory response. In vivo, KDM1A inhibition alleviated post‐surgery neointimal formation and collagen deposition, preventing VSMCs from switching into a synthetic phenotype and suppressing disease onset. These processes were mediated by BMP‐2 through canonical small mothers against decapentaplegic signalling, which was associated with the activation of BMP receptors 1A and 1B. CONCLUSIONS: The regulatory correlation between KDM1A and BMP‐2 offers insights into vascular remodelling and VSMC phenotypic modulation. The reported findings contribute to the development of innovative strategies against vascular disorders.