In vitro examination of starch digestibility of Saba banana [Musa ‘saba’(Musa acuminata × Musa balbisiana)]: impact of maturity and physical properties of digesta

The digestibility of starch in Saba banana as affected by maturity and physical properties of digesta was investigated. Five maturity stages were identified based on peel color index which also showed significant differences in physicochemical properties and starch granule morphology. The effect of physical properties of digesta was evaluated by monitoring the viscosity throughout the simulated digestion process and comparing two different physical structures of banana: (1) unhomogenized cut samples which have intact tissue structure and (2) homogenized slurry representing disrupted cellular structure. During ripening process, a decrease in starch content was noted with a concomitant formation of sugars and increasing concentration of acids. Green unripe stages showed the highest rate of starch hydrolysis in both physical structures and a decreasing trend was observed as ripening proceeded. The high digesta viscosity values of ripe stages was found to have an inhibitory effect on starch hydrolysis. Similarly, the differences in physical structure of food affected the digestive enzymes efficiency in breaking down starch. These results suggested that the physicochemical changes accompanying maturation and the physical properties (i.e. high viscosity and presence of intact cell structure) of food could significantly impact the rate of starch digestion.