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Re‐evaluation of hydrochloric acid (E 507), potassium chloride (E 508), calcium chloride (E 509) and magnesium chloride (E 511) as food additives

The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings added to Food (FAF) provided a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of chlorides (E 507–509, E 511) as food additives. Chlorides are authorised food additives in the EU in accordance with Annex II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. In the non‐...

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Autores principales: Younes, Maged, Aquilina, Gabriele, Castle, Laurence, Engel, Karl‐Heinz, Fowler, Paul, Fürst, Peter, Gürtler, Rainer, Gundert‐Remy, Ursula, Husøy, Trine, Mennes, Wim, Moldeus, Peter, Oskarsson, Agneta, Shah, Romina, Waalkens‐Berendsen, Ine, Wölfle, Detlef, Boon, Polly, Crebelli, Riccardo, Di Domenico, Alessandro, Filipič, Metka, Mortensen, Alicja, Van Loveren, Henk, Woutersen, Ruud, Giarola, Alessandra, Lodi, Federica, Riolo, Francesca, Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7009240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32626371
http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5751
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author Younes, Maged
Aquilina, Gabriele
Castle, Laurence
Engel, Karl‐Heinz
Fowler, Paul
Fürst, Peter
Gürtler, Rainer
Gundert‐Remy, Ursula
Husøy, Trine
Mennes, Wim
Moldeus, Peter
Oskarsson, Agneta
Shah, Romina
Waalkens‐Berendsen, Ine
Wölfle, Detlef
Boon, Polly
Crebelli, Riccardo
Di Domenico, Alessandro
Filipič, Metka
Mortensen, Alicja
Van Loveren, Henk
Woutersen, Ruud
Giarola, Alessandra
Lodi, Federica
Riolo, Francesca
Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose
author_facet Younes, Maged
Aquilina, Gabriele
Castle, Laurence
Engel, Karl‐Heinz
Fowler, Paul
Fürst, Peter
Gürtler, Rainer
Gundert‐Remy, Ursula
Husøy, Trine
Mennes, Wim
Moldeus, Peter
Oskarsson, Agneta
Shah, Romina
Waalkens‐Berendsen, Ine
Wölfle, Detlef
Boon, Polly
Crebelli, Riccardo
Di Domenico, Alessandro
Filipič, Metka
Mortensen, Alicja
Van Loveren, Henk
Woutersen, Ruud
Giarola, Alessandra
Lodi, Federica
Riolo, Francesca
Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose
collection PubMed
description The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings added to Food (FAF) provided a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of chlorides (E 507–509, E 511) as food additives. Chlorides are authorised food additives in the EU in accordance with Annex II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. In the non‐ brand‐loyal scenario, mean exposure to chlorides (E 507–509, E 511) as food additives ranged from 2 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day in the elderly to 42 mg/kg bw per day in toddlers. The 95th percentile of exposure ranged from 5 mg/kg bw per day in the elderly to 71 mg/kg bw per day in toddlers. Chloride is an essential nutrient and after absorption is distributed to organs and tissues. The Panel considered chlorides to be of low acute oral toxicity and there is no concern with respect to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. No effects were reported in developmental toxicity studies in rats following administration of magnesium chloride hexahydrate at 800 mg/kg bw per day. Some animal studies suggested a role of chloride in increasing blood pressure but based on the toxicological database available the Panel considered human data more appropriate to identify a level of chloride intake which does not raise a safety concern. The Panel identified a human dose of 40 mg chloride/kg bw per day as a reference value for the assessment. Mean levels of exposure in all age groups were below or at this reference value, which indicates no safety concern. In some age groups (toddlers, children and adolescents), the 95th percentile exposure estimates were slightly above this reference value. The Panel concluded that the exposure to chloride from hydrochloric acid and its potassium, calcium and magnesium salts (E 507, E 508, E 509 and E 511) does not raise a safety concern at the reported use and use levels.
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spelling pubmed-70092402020-07-02 Re‐evaluation of hydrochloric acid (E 507), potassium chloride (E 508), calcium chloride (E 509) and magnesium chloride (E 511) as food additives Younes, Maged Aquilina, Gabriele Castle, Laurence Engel, Karl‐Heinz Fowler, Paul Fürst, Peter Gürtler, Rainer Gundert‐Remy, Ursula Husøy, Trine Mennes, Wim Moldeus, Peter Oskarsson, Agneta Shah, Romina Waalkens‐Berendsen, Ine Wölfle, Detlef Boon, Polly Crebelli, Riccardo Di Domenico, Alessandro Filipič, Metka Mortensen, Alicja Van Loveren, Henk Woutersen, Ruud Giarola, Alessandra Lodi, Federica Riolo, Francesca Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose EFSA J Scientific Opinion The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings added to Food (FAF) provided a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of chlorides (E 507–509, E 511) as food additives. Chlorides are authorised food additives in the EU in accordance with Annex II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. In the non‐ brand‐loyal scenario, mean exposure to chlorides (E 507–509, E 511) as food additives ranged from 2 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day in the elderly to 42 mg/kg bw per day in toddlers. The 95th percentile of exposure ranged from 5 mg/kg bw per day in the elderly to 71 mg/kg bw per day in toddlers. Chloride is an essential nutrient and after absorption is distributed to organs and tissues. The Panel considered chlorides to be of low acute oral toxicity and there is no concern with respect to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. No effects were reported in developmental toxicity studies in rats following administration of magnesium chloride hexahydrate at 800 mg/kg bw per day. Some animal studies suggested a role of chloride in increasing blood pressure but based on the toxicological database available the Panel considered human data more appropriate to identify a level of chloride intake which does not raise a safety concern. The Panel identified a human dose of 40 mg chloride/kg bw per day as a reference value for the assessment. Mean levels of exposure in all age groups were below or at this reference value, which indicates no safety concern. In some age groups (toddlers, children and adolescents), the 95th percentile exposure estimates were slightly above this reference value. The Panel concluded that the exposure to chloride from hydrochloric acid and its potassium, calcium and magnesium salts (E 507, E 508, E 509 and E 511) does not raise a safety concern at the reported use and use levels. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7009240/ /pubmed/32626371 http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5751 Text en © 2019 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Scientific Opinion
Younes, Maged
Aquilina, Gabriele
Castle, Laurence
Engel, Karl‐Heinz
Fowler, Paul
Fürst, Peter
Gürtler, Rainer
Gundert‐Remy, Ursula
Husøy, Trine
Mennes, Wim
Moldeus, Peter
Oskarsson, Agneta
Shah, Romina
Waalkens‐Berendsen, Ine
Wölfle, Detlef
Boon, Polly
Crebelli, Riccardo
Di Domenico, Alessandro
Filipič, Metka
Mortensen, Alicja
Van Loveren, Henk
Woutersen, Ruud
Giarola, Alessandra
Lodi, Federica
Riolo, Francesca
Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose
Re‐evaluation of hydrochloric acid (E 507), potassium chloride (E 508), calcium chloride (E 509) and magnesium chloride (E 511) as food additives
title Re‐evaluation of hydrochloric acid (E 507), potassium chloride (E 508), calcium chloride (E 509) and magnesium chloride (E 511) as food additives
title_full Re‐evaluation of hydrochloric acid (E 507), potassium chloride (E 508), calcium chloride (E 509) and magnesium chloride (E 511) as food additives
title_fullStr Re‐evaluation of hydrochloric acid (E 507), potassium chloride (E 508), calcium chloride (E 509) and magnesium chloride (E 511) as food additives
title_full_unstemmed Re‐evaluation of hydrochloric acid (E 507), potassium chloride (E 508), calcium chloride (E 509) and magnesium chloride (E 511) as food additives
title_short Re‐evaluation of hydrochloric acid (E 507), potassium chloride (E 508), calcium chloride (E 509) and magnesium chloride (E 511) as food additives
title_sort re‐evaluation of hydrochloric acid (e 507), potassium chloride (e 508), calcium chloride (e 509) and magnesium chloride (e 511) as food additives
topic Scientific Opinion
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7009240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32626371
http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5751
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