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Mapping DNA Topoisomerase Binding and Cleavage Genome Wide Using Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have been adapted to generate genome-wide maps and sequence context of binding and cleavage of DNA topoisomerases (topos). Continuous refinements of these techniques have resulted in the acquisition of data with unprecedented depth and resolution, which has...

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Autores principales: McKie, Shannon J., Maxwell, Anthony, Neuman, Keir C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7017377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31941152
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11010092
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author McKie, Shannon J.
Maxwell, Anthony
Neuman, Keir C.
author_facet McKie, Shannon J.
Maxwell, Anthony
Neuman, Keir C.
author_sort McKie, Shannon J.
collection PubMed
description Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have been adapted to generate genome-wide maps and sequence context of binding and cleavage of DNA topoisomerases (topos). Continuous refinements of these techniques have resulted in the acquisition of data with unprecedented depth and resolution, which has shed new light on in vivo topo behavior. Topos regulate DNA topology through the formation of reversible single- or double-stranded DNA breaks. Topo activity is critical for DNA metabolism in general, and in particular to support transcription and replication. However, the binding and activity of topos over the genome in vivo was difficult to study until the advent of NGS. Over and above traditional chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq approaches that probe protein binding, the unique formation of covalent protein–DNA linkages associated with DNA cleavage by topos affords the ability to probe cleavage and, by extension, activity over the genome. NGS platforms have facilitated genome-wide studies mapping the behavior of topos in vivo, how the behavior varies among species and how inhibitors affect cleavage. Many NGS approaches achieve nucleotide resolution of topo binding and cleavage sites, imparting an extent of information not previously attainable. We review the development of NGS approaches to probe topo interactions over the genome in vivo and highlight general conclusions and quandaries that have arisen from this rapidly advancing field of topoisomerase research.
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spelling pubmed-70173772020-03-04 Mapping DNA Topoisomerase Binding and Cleavage Genome Wide Using Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques McKie, Shannon J. Maxwell, Anthony Neuman, Keir C. Genes (Basel) Review Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have been adapted to generate genome-wide maps and sequence context of binding and cleavage of DNA topoisomerases (topos). Continuous refinements of these techniques have resulted in the acquisition of data with unprecedented depth and resolution, which has shed new light on in vivo topo behavior. Topos regulate DNA topology through the formation of reversible single- or double-stranded DNA breaks. Topo activity is critical for DNA metabolism in general, and in particular to support transcription and replication. However, the binding and activity of topos over the genome in vivo was difficult to study until the advent of NGS. Over and above traditional chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq approaches that probe protein binding, the unique formation of covalent protein–DNA linkages associated with DNA cleavage by topos affords the ability to probe cleavage and, by extension, activity over the genome. NGS platforms have facilitated genome-wide studies mapping the behavior of topos in vivo, how the behavior varies among species and how inhibitors affect cleavage. Many NGS approaches achieve nucleotide resolution of topo binding and cleavage sites, imparting an extent of information not previously attainable. We review the development of NGS approaches to probe topo interactions over the genome in vivo and highlight general conclusions and quandaries that have arisen from this rapidly advancing field of topoisomerase research. MDPI 2020-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7017377/ /pubmed/31941152 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11010092 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
McKie, Shannon J.
Maxwell, Anthony
Neuman, Keir C.
Mapping DNA Topoisomerase Binding and Cleavage Genome Wide Using Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques
title Mapping DNA Topoisomerase Binding and Cleavage Genome Wide Using Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques
title_full Mapping DNA Topoisomerase Binding and Cleavage Genome Wide Using Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques
title_fullStr Mapping DNA Topoisomerase Binding and Cleavage Genome Wide Using Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques
title_full_unstemmed Mapping DNA Topoisomerase Binding and Cleavage Genome Wide Using Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques
title_short Mapping DNA Topoisomerase Binding and Cleavage Genome Wide Using Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques
title_sort mapping dna topoisomerase binding and cleavage genome wide using next-generation sequencing techniques
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7017377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31941152
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11010092
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