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Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Other Gluten Related Disorders in Wheat and Strategies for Mitigating Them

Wheat is a major cereal crop providing energy and nutrients to the billions of people around the world. Gluten is a structural protein in wheat, that is necessary for its dough making properties, but it is responsible for imparting certain intolerances among some individuals, which are part of this...

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Autores principales: Sharma, Natasha, Bhatia, Simran, Chunduri, Venkatesh, Kaur, Satveer, Sharma, Saloni, Kapoor, Payal, Kumari, Anita, Garg, Monika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7020197/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32118025
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00006
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author Sharma, Natasha
Bhatia, Simran
Chunduri, Venkatesh
Kaur, Satveer
Sharma, Saloni
Kapoor, Payal
Kumari, Anita
Garg, Monika
author_facet Sharma, Natasha
Bhatia, Simran
Chunduri, Venkatesh
Kaur, Satveer
Sharma, Saloni
Kapoor, Payal
Kumari, Anita
Garg, Monika
author_sort Sharma, Natasha
collection PubMed
description Wheat is a major cereal crop providing energy and nutrients to the billions of people around the world. Gluten is a structural protein in wheat, that is necessary for its dough making properties, but it is responsible for imparting certain intolerances among some individuals, which are part of this review. Most important among these intolerances is celiac disease, that is gluten triggered T-cell mediated autoimmune enteropathy and results in villous atrophy, inflammation and damage to intestinal lining in genetically liable individuals containing human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 molecules on antigen presenting cells. Celiac disease occurs due to presence of celiac disease eliciting epitopes in gluten, particularly highly immunogenic alpha-gliadins. Another gluten related disorder is non-celiac gluten-sensitivity in which innate immune-response occurs in patients along with gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms, that disappear upon removal of gluten from the diet. In wheat allergy, either IgE or non-IgE mediated immune response occurs in individuals after inhalation or ingestion of wheat. Following a life-long gluten-free diet by celiac disease and non-celiac gluten-sensitivity patients is very challenging as none of wheat cultivar or related species stands safe for consumption. Hence, different molecular biology, genetic engineering, breeding, microbial, enzymatic, and chemical strategies have been worked upon to reduce the celiac disease epitopes and the gluten content in wheat. Currently, only 8.4% of total population is affected by wheat-related issues, while rest of population remains safe and should not remove wheat from the diet, based on false media coverage.
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spelling pubmed-70201972020-02-28 Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Other Gluten Related Disorders in Wheat and Strategies for Mitigating Them Sharma, Natasha Bhatia, Simran Chunduri, Venkatesh Kaur, Satveer Sharma, Saloni Kapoor, Payal Kumari, Anita Garg, Monika Front Nutr Nutrition Wheat is a major cereal crop providing energy and nutrients to the billions of people around the world. Gluten is a structural protein in wheat, that is necessary for its dough making properties, but it is responsible for imparting certain intolerances among some individuals, which are part of this review. Most important among these intolerances is celiac disease, that is gluten triggered T-cell mediated autoimmune enteropathy and results in villous atrophy, inflammation and damage to intestinal lining in genetically liable individuals containing human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 molecules on antigen presenting cells. Celiac disease occurs due to presence of celiac disease eliciting epitopes in gluten, particularly highly immunogenic alpha-gliadins. Another gluten related disorder is non-celiac gluten-sensitivity in which innate immune-response occurs in patients along with gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms, that disappear upon removal of gluten from the diet. In wheat allergy, either IgE or non-IgE mediated immune response occurs in individuals after inhalation or ingestion of wheat. Following a life-long gluten-free diet by celiac disease and non-celiac gluten-sensitivity patients is very challenging as none of wheat cultivar or related species stands safe for consumption. Hence, different molecular biology, genetic engineering, breeding, microbial, enzymatic, and chemical strategies have been worked upon to reduce the celiac disease epitopes and the gluten content in wheat. Currently, only 8.4% of total population is affected by wheat-related issues, while rest of population remains safe and should not remove wheat from the diet, based on false media coverage. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7020197/ /pubmed/32118025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00006 Text en Copyright © 2020 Sharma, Bhatia, Chunduri, Kaur, Sharma, Kapoor, Kumari and Garg. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Sharma, Natasha
Bhatia, Simran
Chunduri, Venkatesh
Kaur, Satveer
Sharma, Saloni
Kapoor, Payal
Kumari, Anita
Garg, Monika
Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Other Gluten Related Disorders in Wheat and Strategies for Mitigating Them
title Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Other Gluten Related Disorders in Wheat and Strategies for Mitigating Them
title_full Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Other Gluten Related Disorders in Wheat and Strategies for Mitigating Them
title_fullStr Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Other Gluten Related Disorders in Wheat and Strategies for Mitigating Them
title_full_unstemmed Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Other Gluten Related Disorders in Wheat and Strategies for Mitigating Them
title_short Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Other Gluten Related Disorders in Wheat and Strategies for Mitigating Them
title_sort pathogenesis of celiac disease and other gluten related disorders in wheat and strategies for mitigating them
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7020197/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32118025
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00006
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