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Evaluating Impacts of Different Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratios in Corn–Soybean Meal-Based Diet on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profiles, Fecal Microbial, and Gas Emission in Growing Pigs

SIMPLE SUMMARY: There are two major classes of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in the diet, omega-3 and omega-6, these polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential because they cannot be synthesized by humans and animals. Also, they cannot be converted into each other in the body. Supplementation of...

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Autores principales: Nguyen, Dinh Hai, Yun, Hyeok Min, Kim, In Ho
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7022506/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31878287
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010042
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author Nguyen, Dinh Hai
Yun, Hyeok Min
Kim, In Ho
author_facet Nguyen, Dinh Hai
Yun, Hyeok Min
Kim, In Ho
author_sort Nguyen, Dinh Hai
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: There are two major classes of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in the diet, omega-3 and omega-6, these polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential because they cannot be synthesized by humans and animals. Also, they cannot be converted into each other in the body. Supplementation of omega-3 has been reported to improve the performance and health of pigs. However, during the past years, studies had demonstrated that animal performance could be influenced by the dietary level or the ratio of omega-6 and omega-3. A high omega-6: omega-3 ratio in diets promotes the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. An optimal omega-6: omega-3 ratio could inhibit immune stimulation to ensure the availability of more energy and nutrients for high performance and the homeostatic pathway. The present study investigated the effects of different omega-6: omega-3 ratios (17:1, 15:1, 10:1, 5:1) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microflora, and gas emission in growing pigs. The results of this study showed that reducing omega-6: omega-3 ratio from 17:1 to 5:1 by increasing omega-3 in the diet increased body weight, energy digestibility, and reduced the low-density lipoprotein concentrations of blood in growing pigs. ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different omega-6: omega-3 fatty acid (FA) ratios in a corn–soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. A total of 140 [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] growing pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 24.75 ± 1.43 kg were used in a 6-week trial. Pigs were allocated randomly into one of four treatments according to sex and BW (seven replications with five pigs per pen). The treatment groups consisted of 4 diets with omega-6:omega-3 FA ratios of 17:1, 15:1, 10:1, and 5:1. In the current study, the energy digestibility, BW, and average daily gain (ADG) increased (p < 0.05) in pigs provided with the 5:1 diet compared to pigs fed the 17:1 diet in the sixth week. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations of blood were lower (p < 0.05) in pigs fed the 5:1 diet compared to the 17:1 and 15:1 diet. However, the fecal microflora and fecal gas emissions were unaffected (p > 0.05) by the different omega-6: omega-3 FA ratios in diets. In conclusion, reducing omega-6: omega-3 ratio by increasing omega-3 in diet improved BW, ADG, and gross energy digestibility, and reduced the LDL concentrations of blood in growing pigs.
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spelling pubmed-70225062020-03-09 Evaluating Impacts of Different Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratios in Corn–Soybean Meal-Based Diet on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profiles, Fecal Microbial, and Gas Emission in Growing Pigs Nguyen, Dinh Hai Yun, Hyeok Min Kim, In Ho Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: There are two major classes of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in the diet, omega-3 and omega-6, these polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential because they cannot be synthesized by humans and animals. Also, they cannot be converted into each other in the body. Supplementation of omega-3 has been reported to improve the performance and health of pigs. However, during the past years, studies had demonstrated that animal performance could be influenced by the dietary level or the ratio of omega-6 and omega-3. A high omega-6: omega-3 ratio in diets promotes the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. An optimal omega-6: omega-3 ratio could inhibit immune stimulation to ensure the availability of more energy and nutrients for high performance and the homeostatic pathway. The present study investigated the effects of different omega-6: omega-3 ratios (17:1, 15:1, 10:1, 5:1) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microflora, and gas emission in growing pigs. The results of this study showed that reducing omega-6: omega-3 ratio from 17:1 to 5:1 by increasing omega-3 in the diet increased body weight, energy digestibility, and reduced the low-density lipoprotein concentrations of blood in growing pigs. ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different omega-6: omega-3 fatty acid (FA) ratios in a corn–soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. A total of 140 [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] growing pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 24.75 ± 1.43 kg were used in a 6-week trial. Pigs were allocated randomly into one of four treatments according to sex and BW (seven replications with five pigs per pen). The treatment groups consisted of 4 diets with omega-6:omega-3 FA ratios of 17:1, 15:1, 10:1, and 5:1. In the current study, the energy digestibility, BW, and average daily gain (ADG) increased (p < 0.05) in pigs provided with the 5:1 diet compared to pigs fed the 17:1 diet in the sixth week. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations of blood were lower (p < 0.05) in pigs fed the 5:1 diet compared to the 17:1 and 15:1 diet. However, the fecal microflora and fecal gas emissions were unaffected (p > 0.05) by the different omega-6: omega-3 FA ratios in diets. In conclusion, reducing omega-6: omega-3 ratio by increasing omega-3 in diet improved BW, ADG, and gross energy digestibility, and reduced the LDL concentrations of blood in growing pigs. MDPI 2019-12-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7022506/ /pubmed/31878287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010042 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nguyen, Dinh Hai
Yun, Hyeok Min
Kim, In Ho
Evaluating Impacts of Different Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratios in Corn–Soybean Meal-Based Diet on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profiles, Fecal Microbial, and Gas Emission in Growing Pigs
title Evaluating Impacts of Different Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratios in Corn–Soybean Meal-Based Diet on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profiles, Fecal Microbial, and Gas Emission in Growing Pigs
title_full Evaluating Impacts of Different Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratios in Corn–Soybean Meal-Based Diet on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profiles, Fecal Microbial, and Gas Emission in Growing Pigs
title_fullStr Evaluating Impacts of Different Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratios in Corn–Soybean Meal-Based Diet on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profiles, Fecal Microbial, and Gas Emission in Growing Pigs
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating Impacts of Different Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratios in Corn–Soybean Meal-Based Diet on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profiles, Fecal Microbial, and Gas Emission in Growing Pigs
title_short Evaluating Impacts of Different Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratios in Corn–Soybean Meal-Based Diet on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profiles, Fecal Microbial, and Gas Emission in Growing Pigs
title_sort evaluating impacts of different omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratios in corn–soybean meal-based diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial, and gas emission in growing pigs
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7022506/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31878287
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010042
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