The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is hyperglycemia that is recognized for the first time during pregnancy. GDM is associated with a wide range of short- and long-term adverse health consequences for both mother and offspring. It is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology, with disturbances in gluc...

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Autores principales: Mustad, Vikkie A., Huynh, Dieu T.T., López-Pedrosa, José M., Campoy, Cristina, Rueda, Ricardo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32024026
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020385
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author Mustad, Vikkie A.
Huynh, Dieu T.T.
López-Pedrosa, José M.
Campoy, Cristina
Rueda, Ricardo
author_facet Mustad, Vikkie A.
Huynh, Dieu T.T.
López-Pedrosa, José M.
Campoy, Cristina
Rueda, Ricardo
author_sort Mustad, Vikkie A.
collection PubMed
description Gestational diabetes (GDM) is hyperglycemia that is recognized for the first time during pregnancy. GDM is associated with a wide range of short- and long-term adverse health consequences for both mother and offspring. It is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology, with disturbances in glucose, lipid, inflammation and gut microbiota. Consequently, its management is complex, requiring patients to self-manage their diet, lifestyle and self-care behaviors in combination with use of insulin. In addition to nutritional recommendations for all pregnant women, special attention to dietary carbohydrate (CHO) amount and type on glucose levels is especially important in GDM. Dietary CHO are diverse, ranging from simple sugars to longer-chain oligo- and poly- saccharides which have diverse effects on blood glucose, microbial fermentation and bowel function. Studies have established that dietary CHO amount and type can impact maternal glucose and nutritional recommendations advise women with GDM to limit total intake or choose complex and low glycemic CHO. However, robust maternal and infant benefits are not consistently shown. Novel approaches which help women with GDM adhere to dietary recommendations such as diabetes-specific meal replacements (which provide a defined and complete nutritional composition with slowly-digested CHO) and continuous glucose monitors (which provide unlimited monitoring of maternal glycemic fluctuations) have shown benefits on both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Continued research is needed to understand and develop tools to facilitate patient adherence to treatment goals, individualize interventions and improve outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-70712462020-03-19 The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes Mustad, Vikkie A. Huynh, Dieu T.T. López-Pedrosa, José M. Campoy, Cristina Rueda, Ricardo Nutrients Review Gestational diabetes (GDM) is hyperglycemia that is recognized for the first time during pregnancy. GDM is associated with a wide range of short- and long-term adverse health consequences for both mother and offspring. It is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology, with disturbances in glucose, lipid, inflammation and gut microbiota. Consequently, its management is complex, requiring patients to self-manage their diet, lifestyle and self-care behaviors in combination with use of insulin. In addition to nutritional recommendations for all pregnant women, special attention to dietary carbohydrate (CHO) amount and type on glucose levels is especially important in GDM. Dietary CHO are diverse, ranging from simple sugars to longer-chain oligo- and poly- saccharides which have diverse effects on blood glucose, microbial fermentation and bowel function. Studies have established that dietary CHO amount and type can impact maternal glucose and nutritional recommendations advise women with GDM to limit total intake or choose complex and low glycemic CHO. However, robust maternal and infant benefits are not consistently shown. Novel approaches which help women with GDM adhere to dietary recommendations such as diabetes-specific meal replacements (which provide a defined and complete nutritional composition with slowly-digested CHO) and continuous glucose monitors (which provide unlimited monitoring of maternal glycemic fluctuations) have shown benefits on both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Continued research is needed to understand and develop tools to facilitate patient adherence to treatment goals, individualize interventions and improve outcomes. MDPI 2020-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7071246/ /pubmed/32024026 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020385 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Mustad, Vikkie A.
Huynh, Dieu T.T.
López-Pedrosa, José M.
Campoy, Cristina
Rueda, Ricardo
The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes
title The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes
title_full The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes
title_fullStr The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes
title_short The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes
title_sort role of dietary carbohydrates in gestational diabetes
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32024026
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020385
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