The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is hyperglycemia that is recognized for the first time during pregnancy. GDM is associated with a wide range of short- and long-term adverse health consequences for both mother and offspring. It is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology, with disturbances in gluc...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071246/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32024026 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020385 |
_version_ | 1783506157626720256 |
---|---|
author | Mustad, Vikkie A. Huynh, Dieu T.T. López-Pedrosa, José M. Campoy, Cristina Rueda, Ricardo |
author_facet | Mustad, Vikkie A. Huynh, Dieu T.T. López-Pedrosa, José M. Campoy, Cristina Rueda, Ricardo |
author_sort | Mustad, Vikkie A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gestational diabetes (GDM) is hyperglycemia that is recognized for the first time during pregnancy. GDM is associated with a wide range of short- and long-term adverse health consequences for both mother and offspring. It is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology, with disturbances in glucose, lipid, inflammation and gut microbiota. Consequently, its management is complex, requiring patients to self-manage their diet, lifestyle and self-care behaviors in combination with use of insulin. In addition to nutritional recommendations for all pregnant women, special attention to dietary carbohydrate (CHO) amount and type on glucose levels is especially important in GDM. Dietary CHO are diverse, ranging from simple sugars to longer-chain oligo- and poly- saccharides which have diverse effects on blood glucose, microbial fermentation and bowel function. Studies have established that dietary CHO amount and type can impact maternal glucose and nutritional recommendations advise women with GDM to limit total intake or choose complex and low glycemic CHO. However, robust maternal and infant benefits are not consistently shown. Novel approaches which help women with GDM adhere to dietary recommendations such as diabetes-specific meal replacements (which provide a defined and complete nutritional composition with slowly-digested CHO) and continuous glucose monitors (which provide unlimited monitoring of maternal glycemic fluctuations) have shown benefits on both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Continued research is needed to understand and develop tools to facilitate patient adherence to treatment goals, individualize interventions and improve outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7071246 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70712462020-03-19 The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes Mustad, Vikkie A. Huynh, Dieu T.T. López-Pedrosa, José M. Campoy, Cristina Rueda, Ricardo Nutrients Review Gestational diabetes (GDM) is hyperglycemia that is recognized for the first time during pregnancy. GDM is associated with a wide range of short- and long-term adverse health consequences for both mother and offspring. It is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology, with disturbances in glucose, lipid, inflammation and gut microbiota. Consequently, its management is complex, requiring patients to self-manage their diet, lifestyle and self-care behaviors in combination with use of insulin. In addition to nutritional recommendations for all pregnant women, special attention to dietary carbohydrate (CHO) amount and type on glucose levels is especially important in GDM. Dietary CHO are diverse, ranging from simple sugars to longer-chain oligo- and poly- saccharides which have diverse effects on blood glucose, microbial fermentation and bowel function. Studies have established that dietary CHO amount and type can impact maternal glucose and nutritional recommendations advise women with GDM to limit total intake or choose complex and low glycemic CHO. However, robust maternal and infant benefits are not consistently shown. Novel approaches which help women with GDM adhere to dietary recommendations such as diabetes-specific meal replacements (which provide a defined and complete nutritional composition with slowly-digested CHO) and continuous glucose monitors (which provide unlimited monitoring of maternal glycemic fluctuations) have shown benefits on both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Continued research is needed to understand and develop tools to facilitate patient adherence to treatment goals, individualize interventions and improve outcomes. MDPI 2020-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7071246/ /pubmed/32024026 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020385 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mustad, Vikkie A. Huynh, Dieu T.T. López-Pedrosa, José M. Campoy, Cristina Rueda, Ricardo The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes |
title | The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes |
title_full | The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes |
title_fullStr | The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes |
title_short | The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes |
title_sort | role of dietary carbohydrates in gestational diabetes |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071246/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32024026 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020385 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT mustadvikkiea theroleofdietarycarbohydratesingestationaldiabetes AT huynhdieutt theroleofdietarycarbohydratesingestationaldiabetes AT lopezpedrosajosem theroleofdietarycarbohydratesingestationaldiabetes AT campoycristina theroleofdietarycarbohydratesingestationaldiabetes AT ruedaricardo theroleofdietarycarbohydratesingestationaldiabetes AT mustadvikkiea roleofdietarycarbohydratesingestationaldiabetes AT huynhdieutt roleofdietarycarbohydratesingestationaldiabetes AT lopezpedrosajosem roleofdietarycarbohydratesingestationaldiabetes AT campoycristina roleofdietarycarbohydratesingestationaldiabetes AT ruedaricardo roleofdietarycarbohydratesingestationaldiabetes |