The maternal origin of indigenous domestic chicken from the Middle East, the north and the horn of Africa
BACKGROUND: Indigenous domestic chicken represents a major source of protein for agricultural communities around the world. In the Middle East and Africa, they are adapted to hot dry and semi-dry areas, in contrast to their wild ancestor, the Red junglefowl, which lives in humid and sub-humid tropic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071775/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32171253 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12863-020-0830-0 |
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author | Al-Jumaili, Ahmed S. Boudali, Selma Farah Kebede, Adebabay Al-Bayatti, Sahar A. Essa, Abdulamir A. Ahbara, Abulgasim Aljumaah, Riyadh S. Alatiyat, Raed M. Mwacharo, Joram M. Bjørnstad, Gro Naqvi, Arifa N. Gaouar, Semir Bechir Suheil Hanotte, Olivier |
author_facet | Al-Jumaili, Ahmed S. Boudali, Selma Farah Kebede, Adebabay Al-Bayatti, Sahar A. Essa, Abdulamir A. Ahbara, Abulgasim Aljumaah, Riyadh S. Alatiyat, Raed M. Mwacharo, Joram M. Bjørnstad, Gro Naqvi, Arifa N. Gaouar, Semir Bechir Suheil Hanotte, Olivier |
author_sort | Al-Jumaili, Ahmed S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Indigenous domestic chicken represents a major source of protein for agricultural communities around the world. In the Middle East and Africa, they are adapted to hot dry and semi-dry areas, in contrast to their wild ancestor, the Red junglefowl, which lives in humid and sub-humid tropical areas. Indigenous populations are declining following increased demand for poultry meat and eggs, favouring the more productive exotic commercial breeds. In this paper, using the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA as a maternally inherited genetic marker, we address the question of the origin and dispersal routes of domestic chicken of the Middle East (Iraq and Saudi Arabia), the northern part of the African continent (Algeria and Libya) and the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia). RESULTS: The analysis of the mtDNA D-loop of 706 chicken samples from Iraq (n = 107), Saudi Arabia (n = 185), Algeria (n = 88), Libya (n = 23), Ethiopia (n = 211) and Pakistan (n = 92) show the presence of five haplogroups (A, B, C, D and E), suggesting more than one maternal origin for the studied populations. Haplogroup E, which occurred in 625 samples, was the most frequent in all countries. This haplogroup most likely originates from the Indian subcontinent and probably migrated following a terrestrial route to these different countries. Haplotypes belonging to haplogroup D were present in all countries except Algeria and Libya, it is likely a legacy of the Indian Ocean maritime trading network. Haplogroup A was present in all countries and may be of commercial origin. Haplogroup B was found only in Ethiopia. Haplogroup C was only detected in the South-Western region of Saudi Arabia and in Ethiopia. CONCLUSION: The results support a major influence of the Indian subcontinent on the maternal diversity of the today’s chicken populations examined here. Most of the diversity occurs within rather than between populations. This lack of phylogeographic signal agrees with both ancient and more recent trading networks having shaped the modern-day diversity of indigenous chicken across populations and countries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7071775 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70717752020-03-18 The maternal origin of indigenous domestic chicken from the Middle East, the north and the horn of Africa Al-Jumaili, Ahmed S. Boudali, Selma Farah Kebede, Adebabay Al-Bayatti, Sahar A. Essa, Abdulamir A. Ahbara, Abulgasim Aljumaah, Riyadh S. Alatiyat, Raed M. Mwacharo, Joram M. Bjørnstad, Gro Naqvi, Arifa N. Gaouar, Semir Bechir Suheil Hanotte, Olivier BMC Genet Research Article BACKGROUND: Indigenous domestic chicken represents a major source of protein for agricultural communities around the world. In the Middle East and Africa, they are adapted to hot dry and semi-dry areas, in contrast to their wild ancestor, the Red junglefowl, which lives in humid and sub-humid tropical areas. Indigenous populations are declining following increased demand for poultry meat and eggs, favouring the more productive exotic commercial breeds. In this paper, using the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA as a maternally inherited genetic marker, we address the question of the origin and dispersal routes of domestic chicken of the Middle East (Iraq and Saudi Arabia), the northern part of the African continent (Algeria and Libya) and the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia). RESULTS: The analysis of the mtDNA D-loop of 706 chicken samples from Iraq (n = 107), Saudi Arabia (n = 185), Algeria (n = 88), Libya (n = 23), Ethiopia (n = 211) and Pakistan (n = 92) show the presence of five haplogroups (A, B, C, D and E), suggesting more than one maternal origin for the studied populations. Haplogroup E, which occurred in 625 samples, was the most frequent in all countries. This haplogroup most likely originates from the Indian subcontinent and probably migrated following a terrestrial route to these different countries. Haplotypes belonging to haplogroup D were present in all countries except Algeria and Libya, it is likely a legacy of the Indian Ocean maritime trading network. Haplogroup A was present in all countries and may be of commercial origin. Haplogroup B was found only in Ethiopia. Haplogroup C was only detected in the South-Western region of Saudi Arabia and in Ethiopia. CONCLUSION: The results support a major influence of the Indian subcontinent on the maternal diversity of the today’s chicken populations examined here. Most of the diversity occurs within rather than between populations. This lack of phylogeographic signal agrees with both ancient and more recent trading networks having shaped the modern-day diversity of indigenous chicken across populations and countries. BioMed Central 2020-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7071775/ /pubmed/32171253 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12863-020-0830-0 Text en © The Author(s). 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Al-Jumaili, Ahmed S. Boudali, Selma Farah Kebede, Adebabay Al-Bayatti, Sahar A. Essa, Abdulamir A. Ahbara, Abulgasim Aljumaah, Riyadh S. Alatiyat, Raed M. Mwacharo, Joram M. Bjørnstad, Gro Naqvi, Arifa N. Gaouar, Semir Bechir Suheil Hanotte, Olivier The maternal origin of indigenous domestic chicken from the Middle East, the north and the horn of Africa |
title | The maternal origin of indigenous domestic chicken from the Middle East, the north and the horn of Africa |
title_full | The maternal origin of indigenous domestic chicken from the Middle East, the north and the horn of Africa |
title_fullStr | The maternal origin of indigenous domestic chicken from the Middle East, the north and the horn of Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | The maternal origin of indigenous domestic chicken from the Middle East, the north and the horn of Africa |
title_short | The maternal origin of indigenous domestic chicken from the Middle East, the north and the horn of Africa |
title_sort | maternal origin of indigenous domestic chicken from the middle east, the north and the horn of africa |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071775/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32171253 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12863-020-0830-0 |
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