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Proteolytic Activity of Bacillus subtilis upon κ-Casein Undermines Its “Caries-Safe” Effect
Milk is believed to be a relatively “caries-safe” food. This belief relies on the fact that caseins, which constitute around 80% of milk’s protein content, were found to inhibit the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel and, therefore, decrease biofilm formation. While S. mutans is considered a...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7074799/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32041335 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020221 |
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author | Duanis-Assaf, Danielle Kenan, Eli Sionov, Ronit Steinberg, Doron Shemesh, Moshe |
author_facet | Duanis-Assaf, Danielle Kenan, Eli Sionov, Ronit Steinberg, Doron Shemesh, Moshe |
author_sort | Duanis-Assaf, Danielle |
collection | PubMed |
description | Milk is believed to be a relatively “caries-safe” food. This belief relies on the fact that caseins, which constitute around 80% of milk’s protein content, were found to inhibit the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel and, therefore, decrease biofilm formation. While S. mutans is considered a leading cause of dental disorders, Bacillus subtilis is a non-pathogenic foodborne bacterium, frequently contaminating milk and its products. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dairy-associated foodborne bacteria such as B. subtilis on biofilm formation by S. mutans in the presence of casein proteins. Our results indicate that there is a significant decrease in total biofilm formation by S. mutans exposed to a casein protein mixture in a mono-species culture, whereas, in the co-culture with B. subtilis, an inhibitory effect of the caseins mixture on S. mutans biofilm formation was observed. Proteolytic activity analysis suggested that B. subtilis is capable of breaking down milk proteins, especially κ-casein, which enables biofilm formation by S. mutans in the presence of milk caseins. Therefore, these findings may challenge the assumption that milk is “caries-safe”, especially in a complex microbial environment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7074799 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70747992020-03-20 Proteolytic Activity of Bacillus subtilis upon κ-Casein Undermines Its “Caries-Safe” Effect Duanis-Assaf, Danielle Kenan, Eli Sionov, Ronit Steinberg, Doron Shemesh, Moshe Microorganisms Article Milk is believed to be a relatively “caries-safe” food. This belief relies on the fact that caseins, which constitute around 80% of milk’s protein content, were found to inhibit the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel and, therefore, decrease biofilm formation. While S. mutans is considered a leading cause of dental disorders, Bacillus subtilis is a non-pathogenic foodborne bacterium, frequently contaminating milk and its products. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dairy-associated foodborne bacteria such as B. subtilis on biofilm formation by S. mutans in the presence of casein proteins. Our results indicate that there is a significant decrease in total biofilm formation by S. mutans exposed to a casein protein mixture in a mono-species culture, whereas, in the co-culture with B. subtilis, an inhibitory effect of the caseins mixture on S. mutans biofilm formation was observed. Proteolytic activity analysis suggested that B. subtilis is capable of breaking down milk proteins, especially κ-casein, which enables biofilm formation by S. mutans in the presence of milk caseins. Therefore, these findings may challenge the assumption that milk is “caries-safe”, especially in a complex microbial environment. MDPI 2020-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7074799/ /pubmed/32041335 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020221 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Duanis-Assaf, Danielle Kenan, Eli Sionov, Ronit Steinberg, Doron Shemesh, Moshe Proteolytic Activity of Bacillus subtilis upon κ-Casein Undermines Its “Caries-Safe” Effect |
title | Proteolytic Activity of Bacillus subtilis upon κ-Casein Undermines Its “Caries-Safe” Effect |
title_full | Proteolytic Activity of Bacillus subtilis upon κ-Casein Undermines Its “Caries-Safe” Effect |
title_fullStr | Proteolytic Activity of Bacillus subtilis upon κ-Casein Undermines Its “Caries-Safe” Effect |
title_full_unstemmed | Proteolytic Activity of Bacillus subtilis upon κ-Casein Undermines Its “Caries-Safe” Effect |
title_short | Proteolytic Activity of Bacillus subtilis upon κ-Casein Undermines Its “Caries-Safe” Effect |
title_sort | proteolytic activity of bacillus subtilis upon κ-casein undermines its “caries-safe” effect |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7074799/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32041335 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020221 |
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