Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens
The population of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) is decreasing all over Germany since the years 2008/2009. Besides impacts of habitat changes caused by current rates of land conversion, climatic influences or predators, a contribution of infectious pathogens needs also to be considered....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087779/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32214944 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-018-1173-2 |
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author | Curland, N. Gethöffer, F. van Neer, A. Ziegler, L. Heffels-Redmann, U. Lierz, M. Baumgärtner, W. Wohlsein, P. Völker, I. Lapp, S. Bello, A. Pfankuche, V. M. Braune, S. Runge, M. Moss, A. Rautenschlein, S. Jung, A. Teske, L. Strube, C. Schulz, J. Bodewes, R. Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. Siebert, U. |
author_facet | Curland, N. Gethöffer, F. van Neer, A. Ziegler, L. Heffels-Redmann, U. Lierz, M. Baumgärtner, W. Wohlsein, P. Völker, I. Lapp, S. Bello, A. Pfankuche, V. M. Braune, S. Runge, M. Moss, A. Rautenschlein, S. Jung, A. Teske, L. Strube, C. Schulz, J. Bodewes, R. Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. Siebert, U. |
author_sort | Curland, N. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The population of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) is decreasing all over Germany since the years 2008/2009. Besides impacts of habitat changes caused by current rates of land conversion, climatic influences or predators, a contribution of infectious pathogens needs also to be considered. Infectious and non-infectious diseases in free-living populations of ring-necked pheasants have been scarcely investigated so far. In the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasants of different age groups, predominantly adult pheasants, collected over a period of 4 years in the states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine–Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein, were examined pathomorphologically, parasitologically, virologically and bacteriologically, with a focus set on infectious pathogens. A periocular and perinasal dermatitis of unknown origin was present in 62.3% of the pheasants. Additional alterations included protozoal cysts in the skeletal musculature (19.0%), hepatitis (21.7%), enteritis (18.7%), gastritis (12.6%), and pneumonia (11.7%). In single cases, neoplasms (2.6%) and mycobacteriosis (1.7%) occurred. Further findings included identification of coronaviral DNA from trachea or caecal tonsils (16.8%), siadenoviral DNA (7.6%), avian metapneumoviral RNA (6.6%), and infectious bursal disease viral RNA (3.7%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on herpesvirus, avian influenza virus (AIV), paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1), avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV), and chlamydia were negative. Based on the present results, there is no indication of a specific pathogen as a sole cause for population decline in adult pheasants. However, an infectious disease can still not be completely excluded as it may only affect reproduction effectivity or a certain age group of pheasants (e.g., chicks) which were not presented in the study. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7087779 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70877792020-03-23 Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens Curland, N. Gethöffer, F. van Neer, A. Ziegler, L. Heffels-Redmann, U. Lierz, M. Baumgärtner, W. Wohlsein, P. Völker, I. Lapp, S. Bello, A. Pfankuche, V. M. Braune, S. Runge, M. Moss, A. Rautenschlein, S. Jung, A. Teske, L. Strube, C. Schulz, J. Bodewes, R. Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. Siebert, U. Eur. J. Wildl. Res Original Article The population of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) is decreasing all over Germany since the years 2008/2009. Besides impacts of habitat changes caused by current rates of land conversion, climatic influences or predators, a contribution of infectious pathogens needs also to be considered. Infectious and non-infectious diseases in free-living populations of ring-necked pheasants have been scarcely investigated so far. In the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasants of different age groups, predominantly adult pheasants, collected over a period of 4 years in the states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine–Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein, were examined pathomorphologically, parasitologically, virologically and bacteriologically, with a focus set on infectious pathogens. A periocular and perinasal dermatitis of unknown origin was present in 62.3% of the pheasants. Additional alterations included protozoal cysts in the skeletal musculature (19.0%), hepatitis (21.7%), enteritis (18.7%), gastritis (12.6%), and pneumonia (11.7%). In single cases, neoplasms (2.6%) and mycobacteriosis (1.7%) occurred. Further findings included identification of coronaviral DNA from trachea or caecal tonsils (16.8%), siadenoviral DNA (7.6%), avian metapneumoviral RNA (6.6%), and infectious bursal disease viral RNA (3.7%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on herpesvirus, avian influenza virus (AIV), paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1), avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV), and chlamydia were negative. Based on the present results, there is no indication of a specific pathogen as a sole cause for population decline in adult pheasants. However, an infectious disease can still not be completely excluded as it may only affect reproduction effectivity or a certain age group of pheasants (e.g., chicks) which were not presented in the study. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2018-02-06 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC7087779/ /pubmed/32214944 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-018-1173-2 Text en © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Curland, N. Gethöffer, F. van Neer, A. Ziegler, L. Heffels-Redmann, U. Lierz, M. Baumgärtner, W. Wohlsein, P. Völker, I. Lapp, S. Bello, A. Pfankuche, V. M. Braune, S. Runge, M. Moss, A. Rautenschlein, S. Jung, A. Teske, L. Strube, C. Schulz, J. Bodewes, R. Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. Siebert, U. Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens |
title | Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens |
title_full | Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens |
title_fullStr | Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens |
title_full_unstemmed | Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens |
title_short | Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens |
title_sort | investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (phasianus colchicus) in northwestern germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087779/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32214944 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-018-1173-2 |
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