Production of mice from a lethal coronavirus infection in the central nervous system by adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cell clones

The protective effect of a mouse hepatitis virus type-4 (MHV-4)-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell clone and a CD4(+) helper T cell clone was examined by the adoptive transfer into brains of mice lethally infected with MHV-4. Mice survived acute encephalitis if more than 5 × 10(5) cells of either type of the virus-specific T cell clones had been transfered into H-2-matched recipients by 1 day post-infection. Although the adoptive transfer of both types of the T cell clones suppressed viral growth and viral antigen-positive cells in the brains, a significant inhibition of virus replication by the cytotoxic T cell clone was detected prior to that induced by the helper T cell clone. Histologically, cell destruction was prominent in the brains of mice which received the cytotoxic T cell clone. These results demonstrate that both the CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell and the CD4(+) helper T cell can protect mice from a lethal MHV-4 infection in the central nervous system.