Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction

Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome marked by a continuous depletion of skeletal muscle mass associated, in some cases, with a reduction in fat mass. It is irreversible by nutritional support alone and affects up to 74% of patients with cancer—dependent on the underlying type of can...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto, Farkas, Jerneja, Dora, Eva, von Haehling, Stephan, Lainscak, Mitja
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177950/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32230855
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072321
_version_ 1783525342264164352
author da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto
Farkas, Jerneja
Dora, Eva
von Haehling, Stephan
Lainscak, Mitja
author_facet da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto
Farkas, Jerneja
Dora, Eva
von Haehling, Stephan
Lainscak, Mitja
author_sort da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto
collection PubMed
description Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome marked by a continuous depletion of skeletal muscle mass associated, in some cases, with a reduction in fat mass. It is irreversible by nutritional support alone and affects up to 74% of patients with cancer—dependent on the underlying type of cancer—and is associated with physical function impairment, reduced response to cancer-related therapy, and higher mortality. Organs, like muscle, adipose tissue, and liver, play an important role in the progression of cancer cachexia by exacerbating the pro- and anti-inflammatory response initially activated by the tumor and the immune system of the host. Moreover, this metabolic dysfunction is produced by alterations in glucose, lipids, and protein metabolism that, when maintained chronically, may lead to the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Although a couple of drugs have yielded positive results in increasing lean body mass with limited impact on physical function, a single therapy has not lead to effective treatment of this condition. Therefore, a multimodal intervention, including pharmacological agents, nutritional support, and physical exercise, may be a reasonable approach for future studies to better understand and prevent the wasting of body compartments in patients with cancer cachexia.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7177950
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-71779502020-04-28 Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto Farkas, Jerneja Dora, Eva von Haehling, Stephan Lainscak, Mitja Int J Mol Sci Review Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome marked by a continuous depletion of skeletal muscle mass associated, in some cases, with a reduction in fat mass. It is irreversible by nutritional support alone and affects up to 74% of patients with cancer—dependent on the underlying type of cancer—and is associated with physical function impairment, reduced response to cancer-related therapy, and higher mortality. Organs, like muscle, adipose tissue, and liver, play an important role in the progression of cancer cachexia by exacerbating the pro- and anti-inflammatory response initially activated by the tumor and the immune system of the host. Moreover, this metabolic dysfunction is produced by alterations in glucose, lipids, and protein metabolism that, when maintained chronically, may lead to the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Although a couple of drugs have yielded positive results in increasing lean body mass with limited impact on physical function, a single therapy has not lead to effective treatment of this condition. Therefore, a multimodal intervention, including pharmacological agents, nutritional support, and physical exercise, may be a reasonable approach for future studies to better understand and prevent the wasting of body compartments in patients with cancer cachexia. MDPI 2020-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7177950/ /pubmed/32230855 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072321 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto
Farkas, Jerneja
Dora, Eva
von Haehling, Stephan
Lainscak, Mitja
Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction
title Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction
title_full Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction
title_fullStr Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction
title_full_unstemmed Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction
title_short Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction
title_sort cancer cachexia and related metabolic dysfunction
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177950/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32230855
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072321
work_keys_str_mv AT dafonsecaguilhermewesleypeixoto cancercachexiaandrelatedmetabolicdysfunction
AT farkasjerneja cancercachexiaandrelatedmetabolicdysfunction
AT doraeva cancercachexiaandrelatedmetabolicdysfunction
AT vonhaehlingstephan cancercachexiaandrelatedmetabolicdysfunction
AT lainscakmitja cancercachexiaandrelatedmetabolicdysfunction