Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction
Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome marked by a continuous depletion of skeletal muscle mass associated, in some cases, with a reduction in fat mass. It is irreversible by nutritional support alone and affects up to 74% of patients with cancer—dependent on the underlying type of can...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177950/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32230855 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072321 |
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author | da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto Farkas, Jerneja Dora, Eva von Haehling, Stephan Lainscak, Mitja |
author_facet | da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto Farkas, Jerneja Dora, Eva von Haehling, Stephan Lainscak, Mitja |
author_sort | da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome marked by a continuous depletion of skeletal muscle mass associated, in some cases, with a reduction in fat mass. It is irreversible by nutritional support alone and affects up to 74% of patients with cancer—dependent on the underlying type of cancer—and is associated with physical function impairment, reduced response to cancer-related therapy, and higher mortality. Organs, like muscle, adipose tissue, and liver, play an important role in the progression of cancer cachexia by exacerbating the pro- and anti-inflammatory response initially activated by the tumor and the immune system of the host. Moreover, this metabolic dysfunction is produced by alterations in glucose, lipids, and protein metabolism that, when maintained chronically, may lead to the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Although a couple of drugs have yielded positive results in increasing lean body mass with limited impact on physical function, a single therapy has not lead to effective treatment of this condition. Therefore, a multimodal intervention, including pharmacological agents, nutritional support, and physical exercise, may be a reasonable approach for future studies to better understand and prevent the wasting of body compartments in patients with cancer cachexia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7177950 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71779502020-04-28 Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto Farkas, Jerneja Dora, Eva von Haehling, Stephan Lainscak, Mitja Int J Mol Sci Review Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome marked by a continuous depletion of skeletal muscle mass associated, in some cases, with a reduction in fat mass. It is irreversible by nutritional support alone and affects up to 74% of patients with cancer—dependent on the underlying type of cancer—and is associated with physical function impairment, reduced response to cancer-related therapy, and higher mortality. Organs, like muscle, adipose tissue, and liver, play an important role in the progression of cancer cachexia by exacerbating the pro- and anti-inflammatory response initially activated by the tumor and the immune system of the host. Moreover, this metabolic dysfunction is produced by alterations in glucose, lipids, and protein metabolism that, when maintained chronically, may lead to the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Although a couple of drugs have yielded positive results in increasing lean body mass with limited impact on physical function, a single therapy has not lead to effective treatment of this condition. Therefore, a multimodal intervention, including pharmacological agents, nutritional support, and physical exercise, may be a reasonable approach for future studies to better understand and prevent the wasting of body compartments in patients with cancer cachexia. MDPI 2020-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7177950/ /pubmed/32230855 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072321 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto Farkas, Jerneja Dora, Eva von Haehling, Stephan Lainscak, Mitja Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction |
title | Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction |
title_full | Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction |
title_fullStr | Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction |
title_full_unstemmed | Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction |
title_short | Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction |
title_sort | cancer cachexia and related metabolic dysfunction |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177950/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32230855 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072321 |
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