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Killer Archaea: Virus-Mediated Antagonism to CRISPR-Immune Populations Results in Emergent Virus-Host Mutualism

Theory, simulation, and experimental evolution demonstrate that diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity to lytic viruses can lead to stochastic virus extinction due to a limited number of susceptible hosts available to each potential new protospacer escape mutation. Under such conditions, theory predicts th...

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Autores principales: DeWerff, Samantha J., Bautista, Maria A., Pauly, Matthew, Zhang, Changyi, Whitaker, Rachel J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7188992/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32345641
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00404-20
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author DeWerff, Samantha J.
Bautista, Maria A.
Pauly, Matthew
Zhang, Changyi
Whitaker, Rachel J.
author_facet DeWerff, Samantha J.
Bautista, Maria A.
Pauly, Matthew
Zhang, Changyi
Whitaker, Rachel J.
author_sort DeWerff, Samantha J.
collection PubMed
description Theory, simulation, and experimental evolution demonstrate that diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity to lytic viruses can lead to stochastic virus extinction due to a limited number of susceptible hosts available to each potential new protospacer escape mutation. Under such conditions, theory predicts that to evade extinction, viruses evolve toward decreased virulence and promote vertical transmission and persistence in infected hosts. To better understand the evolution of host-virus interactions in microbial populations with active CRISPR-Cas immunity, we studied the interaction between CRISPR-immune Sulfolobus islandicus cells and immune-deficient strains that are infected by the chronic virus SSV9. We demonstrate that Sulfolobus islandicus cells infected with SSV9, and with other related SSVs, kill uninfected, immune strains through an antagonistic mechanism that is a protein and is independent of infectious virus. Cells that are infected with SSV9 are protected from killing and persist in the population. We hypothesize that this infection acts as a form of mutualism between the host and the virus by removing competitors in the population and ensuring continued vertical transmission of the virus within populations with diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity.
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spelling pubmed-71889922020-05-07 Killer Archaea: Virus-Mediated Antagonism to CRISPR-Immune Populations Results in Emergent Virus-Host Mutualism DeWerff, Samantha J. Bautista, Maria A. Pauly, Matthew Zhang, Changyi Whitaker, Rachel J. mBio Research Article Theory, simulation, and experimental evolution demonstrate that diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity to lytic viruses can lead to stochastic virus extinction due to a limited number of susceptible hosts available to each potential new protospacer escape mutation. Under such conditions, theory predicts that to evade extinction, viruses evolve toward decreased virulence and promote vertical transmission and persistence in infected hosts. To better understand the evolution of host-virus interactions in microbial populations with active CRISPR-Cas immunity, we studied the interaction between CRISPR-immune Sulfolobus islandicus cells and immune-deficient strains that are infected by the chronic virus SSV9. We demonstrate that Sulfolobus islandicus cells infected with SSV9, and with other related SSVs, kill uninfected, immune strains through an antagonistic mechanism that is a protein and is independent of infectious virus. Cells that are infected with SSV9 are protected from killing and persist in the population. We hypothesize that this infection acts as a form of mutualism between the host and the virus by removing competitors in the population and ensuring continued vertical transmission of the virus within populations with diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity. American Society for Microbiology 2020-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7188992/ /pubmed/32345641 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00404-20 Text en Copyright © 2020 DeWerff et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
DeWerff, Samantha J.
Bautista, Maria A.
Pauly, Matthew
Zhang, Changyi
Whitaker, Rachel J.
Killer Archaea: Virus-Mediated Antagonism to CRISPR-Immune Populations Results in Emergent Virus-Host Mutualism
title Killer Archaea: Virus-Mediated Antagonism to CRISPR-Immune Populations Results in Emergent Virus-Host Mutualism
title_full Killer Archaea: Virus-Mediated Antagonism to CRISPR-Immune Populations Results in Emergent Virus-Host Mutualism
title_fullStr Killer Archaea: Virus-Mediated Antagonism to CRISPR-Immune Populations Results in Emergent Virus-Host Mutualism
title_full_unstemmed Killer Archaea: Virus-Mediated Antagonism to CRISPR-Immune Populations Results in Emergent Virus-Host Mutualism
title_short Killer Archaea: Virus-Mediated Antagonism to CRISPR-Immune Populations Results in Emergent Virus-Host Mutualism
title_sort killer archaea: virus-mediated antagonism to crispr-immune populations results in emergent virus-host mutualism
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7188992/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32345641
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00404-20
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