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Effects of distraction on taste-related neural processing: a cross-sectional fMRI study

BACKGROUND: In the current obesogenic environment we often eat while electronic devices, such as smart phones, computers, or the television, distract us. Such “distracted eating” is associated with increased food intake and overweight. However, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of this phenom...

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Autores principales: Duif, Iris, Wegman, Joost, Mars, Monica M, de Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul A M, Aarts, Esther
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7198299/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32173737
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa032
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author Duif, Iris
Wegman, Joost
Mars, Monica M
de Graaf, Cees
Smeets, Paul A M
Aarts, Esther
author_facet Duif, Iris
Wegman, Joost
Mars, Monica M
de Graaf, Cees
Smeets, Paul A M
Aarts, Esther
author_sort Duif, Iris
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In the current obesogenic environment we often eat while electronic devices, such as smart phones, computers, or the television, distract us. Such “distracted eating” is associated with increased food intake and overweight. However, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of this phenomenon are unknown. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to elucidate these mechanisms by investigating whether distraction attenuates processing in the primary and secondary taste cortices, located in the insula and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), respectively. METHODS: Forty-one healthy, normal-weight participants received fixed amounts of higher- and lower-sweetness isocaloric chocolate milk while performing a high- or low-distracting detection task during fMRI in 2 test sessions. Subsequently, we measured ad libitum food intake. RESULTS: As expected, a primary taste cortex region in the right insula responded more to the sweeter drink (P < 0.001, uncorrected). Distraction did not affect this insular sweetness response across the group, but did weaken sweetness-related connectivity of this region to a secondary taste region in the right OFC (P–family-wise error, cluster, small-volume corrected = 0.020). Moreover, individual differences in distraction-related attenuation of taste activation in the insula predicted increased subsequent ad libitum food intake after distraction (r = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal a mechanism explaining how distraction during consumption attenuates neural taste processing. Moreover, our study shows that such distraction-induced decreases in neural taste processing contribute to individual differences in the susceptibility for overeating. Thus, being mindful about the taste of food during consumption could perhaps be part of successful prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, which should be further tested in these target groups. This study was preregistered at the Open Science Framework as https://bit.ly/31RtDHZ.
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spelling pubmed-71982992020-05-08 Effects of distraction on taste-related neural processing: a cross-sectional fMRI study Duif, Iris Wegman, Joost Mars, Monica M de Graaf, Cees Smeets, Paul A M Aarts, Esther Am J Clin Nutr Original Research Communications BACKGROUND: In the current obesogenic environment we often eat while electronic devices, such as smart phones, computers, or the television, distract us. Such “distracted eating” is associated with increased food intake and overweight. However, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of this phenomenon are unknown. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to elucidate these mechanisms by investigating whether distraction attenuates processing in the primary and secondary taste cortices, located in the insula and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), respectively. METHODS: Forty-one healthy, normal-weight participants received fixed amounts of higher- and lower-sweetness isocaloric chocolate milk while performing a high- or low-distracting detection task during fMRI in 2 test sessions. Subsequently, we measured ad libitum food intake. RESULTS: As expected, a primary taste cortex region in the right insula responded more to the sweeter drink (P < 0.001, uncorrected). Distraction did not affect this insular sweetness response across the group, but did weaken sweetness-related connectivity of this region to a secondary taste region in the right OFC (P–family-wise error, cluster, small-volume corrected = 0.020). Moreover, individual differences in distraction-related attenuation of taste activation in the insula predicted increased subsequent ad libitum food intake after distraction (r = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal a mechanism explaining how distraction during consumption attenuates neural taste processing. Moreover, our study shows that such distraction-induced decreases in neural taste processing contribute to individual differences in the susceptibility for overeating. Thus, being mindful about the taste of food during consumption could perhaps be part of successful prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, which should be further tested in these target groups. This study was preregistered at the Open Science Framework as https://bit.ly/31RtDHZ. Oxford University Press 2020-05 2020-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7198299/ /pubmed/32173737 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa032 Text en Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research Communications
Duif, Iris
Wegman, Joost
Mars, Monica M
de Graaf, Cees
Smeets, Paul A M
Aarts, Esther
Effects of distraction on taste-related neural processing: a cross-sectional fMRI study
title Effects of distraction on taste-related neural processing: a cross-sectional fMRI study
title_full Effects of distraction on taste-related neural processing: a cross-sectional fMRI study
title_fullStr Effects of distraction on taste-related neural processing: a cross-sectional fMRI study
title_full_unstemmed Effects of distraction on taste-related neural processing: a cross-sectional fMRI study
title_short Effects of distraction on taste-related neural processing: a cross-sectional fMRI study
title_sort effects of distraction on taste-related neural processing: a cross-sectional fmri study
topic Original Research Communications
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7198299/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32173737
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa032
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