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Downregulation of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus promotes chronic visceral hypersensitivity via NF-κB upregulation in adult rats with neonatal maternal deprivation
AIMS: The arcuate nucleus is a vital brain region for coursing of pain command. G protein-coupled kinase 6 (GRK6) accommodates signaling through G protein-coupled receptors. Studies have demonstrated that GRK6 is involved in inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. The present study was designed to e...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7268126/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32484026 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744806920930858 |
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author | Li, Xin Xu, Yu-Cheng Tian, Yuan-Qin Zhang, Ping-An Hu, Shu-Fen Wang, Lin-Hui Jiang, Xing-Hong Xu, Guang-Yin |
author_facet | Li, Xin Xu, Yu-Cheng Tian, Yuan-Qin Zhang, Ping-An Hu, Shu-Fen Wang, Lin-Hui Jiang, Xing-Hong Xu, Guang-Yin |
author_sort | Li, Xin |
collection | PubMed |
description | AIMS: The arcuate nucleus is a vital brain region for coursing of pain command. G protein-coupled kinase 6 (GRK6) accommodates signaling through G protein-coupled receptors. Studies have demonstrated that GRK6 is involved in inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. The present study was designed to explore the role and the underlying mechanism of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus of chronic visceral pain. METHODS: Chronic visceral pain of rats was induced by neonatal maternal deprivation and evaluated by monitoring the threshold of colorectal distension. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques, and Nissl staining were employed to determine the expression and mutual effect of GRK6 with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). RESULTS: Expression of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus was significantly reduced in neonatal maternal deprivation rats when compared with control rats. GRK6 was mainly expressed in arcuate nucleus neurons, but not in astrocytes, and a little in microglial cells. Neonatal maternal deprivation reduced the percentage of GRK6-positive neurons of arcuate nucleus. Overexpression of GRK6 by Lentiviral injection into arcuate nucleus reversed chronic visceral pain in neonatal maternal deprivation rats. Furthermore, the expression of NF-κB in arcuate nucleus was markedly upregulated in neonatal maternal deprivation rats. NF-κB selective inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate suppressed chronic visceral pain in neonatal maternal deprivation rats. GRK6 and NF-κB were expressed in the arcuate nucleus neurons. Importantly, overexpression of GRK6 reversed NF-κB expression at the protein level. In contrast, injection of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate once daily for seven consecutive days did not alter GRK6 expression in arcuate nucleus of neonatal maternal deprivation rats. CONCLUSIONS: Present data suggest that GRK6 might be a pivotal molecule participated in the central mechanisms of chronic visceral pain, which might be mediated by inhibiting NF-κB signal pathway. Overexpression of GRK6 possibly represents a potential strategy for therapy of chronic visceral pain. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7268126 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72681262020-06-11 Downregulation of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus promotes chronic visceral hypersensitivity via NF-κB upregulation in adult rats with neonatal maternal deprivation Li, Xin Xu, Yu-Cheng Tian, Yuan-Qin Zhang, Ping-An Hu, Shu-Fen Wang, Lin-Hui Jiang, Xing-Hong Xu, Guang-Yin Mol Pain Research Article AIMS: The arcuate nucleus is a vital brain region for coursing of pain command. G protein-coupled kinase 6 (GRK6) accommodates signaling through G protein-coupled receptors. Studies have demonstrated that GRK6 is involved in inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. The present study was designed to explore the role and the underlying mechanism of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus of chronic visceral pain. METHODS: Chronic visceral pain of rats was induced by neonatal maternal deprivation and evaluated by monitoring the threshold of colorectal distension. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques, and Nissl staining were employed to determine the expression and mutual effect of GRK6 with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). RESULTS: Expression of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus was significantly reduced in neonatal maternal deprivation rats when compared with control rats. GRK6 was mainly expressed in arcuate nucleus neurons, but not in astrocytes, and a little in microglial cells. Neonatal maternal deprivation reduced the percentage of GRK6-positive neurons of arcuate nucleus. Overexpression of GRK6 by Lentiviral injection into arcuate nucleus reversed chronic visceral pain in neonatal maternal deprivation rats. Furthermore, the expression of NF-κB in arcuate nucleus was markedly upregulated in neonatal maternal deprivation rats. NF-κB selective inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate suppressed chronic visceral pain in neonatal maternal deprivation rats. GRK6 and NF-κB were expressed in the arcuate nucleus neurons. Importantly, overexpression of GRK6 reversed NF-κB expression at the protein level. In contrast, injection of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate once daily for seven consecutive days did not alter GRK6 expression in arcuate nucleus of neonatal maternal deprivation rats. CONCLUSIONS: Present data suggest that GRK6 might be a pivotal molecule participated in the central mechanisms of chronic visceral pain, which might be mediated by inhibiting NF-κB signal pathway. Overexpression of GRK6 possibly represents a potential strategy for therapy of chronic visceral pain. SAGE Publications 2020-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7268126/ /pubmed/32484026 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744806920930858 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Research Article Li, Xin Xu, Yu-Cheng Tian, Yuan-Qin Zhang, Ping-An Hu, Shu-Fen Wang, Lin-Hui Jiang, Xing-Hong Xu, Guang-Yin Downregulation of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus promotes chronic visceral hypersensitivity via NF-κB upregulation in adult rats with neonatal maternal deprivation |
title | Downregulation of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus promotes chronic visceral hypersensitivity via NF-κB upregulation in adult rats with neonatal maternal deprivation |
title_full | Downregulation of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus promotes chronic visceral hypersensitivity via NF-κB upregulation in adult rats with neonatal maternal deprivation |
title_fullStr | Downregulation of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus promotes chronic visceral hypersensitivity via NF-κB upregulation in adult rats with neonatal maternal deprivation |
title_full_unstemmed | Downregulation of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus promotes chronic visceral hypersensitivity via NF-κB upregulation in adult rats with neonatal maternal deprivation |
title_short | Downregulation of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus promotes chronic visceral hypersensitivity via NF-κB upregulation in adult rats with neonatal maternal deprivation |
title_sort | downregulation of grk6 in arcuate nucleus promotes chronic visceral hypersensitivity via nf-κb upregulation in adult rats with neonatal maternal deprivation |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7268126/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32484026 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744806920930858 |
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