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Physiological costs of chemical defence: repeated reflex bleeding weakens the immune system and postpones reproduction in a ladybird beetle
In insects, external chemical defences, such as reflex bleeding, have been proved to be an efficient strategy against various predators. At the same time, significant costs of reflex bleeding can be expected because bled haemolymph is lost and all valuable components included have to be renewed. Int...
| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
| Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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| Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7283328/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32518323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66157-9 |