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Chromosome organization by one-sided and two-sided loop extrusion
SMC complexes, such as condensin or cohesin, organize chromatin throughout the cell cycle by a process known as loop extrusion. SMC complexes reel in DNA, extruding and progressively growing DNA loops. Modeling assuming two-sided loop extrusion reproduces key features of chromatin organization acros...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7295573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32250245 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.53558 |
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author | Banigan, Edward J van den Berg, Aafke A Brandão, Hugo B Marko, John F Mirny, Leonid A |
author_facet | Banigan, Edward J van den Berg, Aafke A Brandão, Hugo B Marko, John F Mirny, Leonid A |
author_sort | Banigan, Edward J |
collection | PubMed |
description | SMC complexes, such as condensin or cohesin, organize chromatin throughout the cell cycle by a process known as loop extrusion. SMC complexes reel in DNA, extruding and progressively growing DNA loops. Modeling assuming two-sided loop extrusion reproduces key features of chromatin organization across different organisms. In vitro single-molecule experiments confirmed that yeast condensins extrude loops, however, they remain anchored to their loading sites and extrude loops in a ‘one-sided’ manner. We therefore simulate one-sided loop extrusion to investigate whether ‘one-sided’ complexes can compact mitotic chromosomes, organize interphase domains, and juxtapose bacterial chromosomal arms, as can be done by ‘two-sided’ loop extruders. While one-sided loop extrusion cannot reproduce these phenomena, variants can recapitulate in vivo observations. We predict that SMC complexes in vivo constitute effectively two-sided motors or exhibit biased loading and propose relevant experiments. Our work suggests that loop extrusion is a viable general mechanism of chromatin organization. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7295573 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72955732020-06-17 Chromosome organization by one-sided and two-sided loop extrusion Banigan, Edward J van den Berg, Aafke A Brandão, Hugo B Marko, John F Mirny, Leonid A eLife Chromosomes and Gene Expression SMC complexes, such as condensin or cohesin, organize chromatin throughout the cell cycle by a process known as loop extrusion. SMC complexes reel in DNA, extruding and progressively growing DNA loops. Modeling assuming two-sided loop extrusion reproduces key features of chromatin organization across different organisms. In vitro single-molecule experiments confirmed that yeast condensins extrude loops, however, they remain anchored to their loading sites and extrude loops in a ‘one-sided’ manner. We therefore simulate one-sided loop extrusion to investigate whether ‘one-sided’ complexes can compact mitotic chromosomes, organize interphase domains, and juxtapose bacterial chromosomal arms, as can be done by ‘two-sided’ loop extruders. While one-sided loop extrusion cannot reproduce these phenomena, variants can recapitulate in vivo observations. We predict that SMC complexes in vivo constitute effectively two-sided motors or exhibit biased loading and propose relevant experiments. Our work suggests that loop extrusion is a viable general mechanism of chromatin organization. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2020-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7295573/ /pubmed/32250245 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.53558 Text en © 2020, Banigan et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Chromosomes and Gene Expression Banigan, Edward J van den Berg, Aafke A Brandão, Hugo B Marko, John F Mirny, Leonid A Chromosome organization by one-sided and two-sided loop extrusion |
title | Chromosome organization by one-sided and two-sided loop extrusion |
title_full | Chromosome organization by one-sided and two-sided loop extrusion |
title_fullStr | Chromosome organization by one-sided and two-sided loop extrusion |
title_full_unstemmed | Chromosome organization by one-sided and two-sided loop extrusion |
title_short | Chromosome organization by one-sided and two-sided loop extrusion |
title_sort | chromosome organization by one-sided and two-sided loop extrusion |
topic | Chromosomes and Gene Expression |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7295573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32250245 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.53558 |
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