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Liver is widely eaten by preschool children in the Northern Cape province of South Africa: Implications for routine vitamin A supplementation

Previous research has demonstrated a virtual absence of vitamin A deficiency and adequacy of vitamin A intake through consumption of liver in preschool children of a community in the Northern Cape province of South Africa where sheep farming is common, and liver, an exceptionally rich source of vita...

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Autores principales: van Stuijvenberg, Martha E., Schoeman, Serina E., Nel, Jana, le Roux, Maretha, Dhansay, Muhammad A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31845541
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12931
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author van Stuijvenberg, Martha E.
Schoeman, Serina E.
Nel, Jana
le Roux, Maretha
Dhansay, Muhammad A.
author_facet van Stuijvenberg, Martha E.
Schoeman, Serina E.
Nel, Jana
le Roux, Maretha
Dhansay, Muhammad A.
author_sort van Stuijvenberg, Martha E.
collection PubMed
description Previous research has demonstrated a virtual absence of vitamin A deficiency and adequacy of vitamin A intake through consumption of liver in preschool children of a community in the Northern Cape province of South Africa where sheep farming is common, and liver, an exceptionally rich source of vitamin A, is frequently eaten. Only 60–75 g of liver per month is needed to meet the vitamin A requirement of preschool children. Because this may have implications for routine vitamin A supplementation, and because liver consumption for the rest of the province is unknown, the study aim was to establish the prevalence and frequency of liver intake in a provincial‐wide survey. An unquantified liver‐specific food frequency questionnaire, covering a period of 1 month, complemented by a 1‐year recall, was administered to mothers of 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children (n = 2,864) attending primary health care facilities in all five districts and 26 subdistricts. A total of 86% of children were reported to eat liver, which was eaten in all districts by at least 80% of children. The overall median frequency of liver intake was 1.0 [25th, 75th percentiles: 0.5, 3.0] times per month and ranged from 1.0 [0.3, 2.0] to 2.0 [1.0, 4.0] for the various districts. Based on a previously reported portion size of 66 g, these results suggest vitamin A dietary adequacy in all districts and possibly also vitamin A intake exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level in some children. Routine vitamin A supplementation in this province may not be necessary and should be reconsidered.
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spelling pubmed-72968112020-06-17 Liver is widely eaten by preschool children in the Northern Cape province of South Africa: Implications for routine vitamin A supplementation van Stuijvenberg, Martha E. Schoeman, Serina E. Nel, Jana le Roux, Maretha Dhansay, Muhammad A. Matern Child Nutr Original Articles Previous research has demonstrated a virtual absence of vitamin A deficiency and adequacy of vitamin A intake through consumption of liver in preschool children of a community in the Northern Cape province of South Africa where sheep farming is common, and liver, an exceptionally rich source of vitamin A, is frequently eaten. Only 60–75 g of liver per month is needed to meet the vitamin A requirement of preschool children. Because this may have implications for routine vitamin A supplementation, and because liver consumption for the rest of the province is unknown, the study aim was to establish the prevalence and frequency of liver intake in a provincial‐wide survey. An unquantified liver‐specific food frequency questionnaire, covering a period of 1 month, complemented by a 1‐year recall, was administered to mothers of 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children (n = 2,864) attending primary health care facilities in all five districts and 26 subdistricts. A total of 86% of children were reported to eat liver, which was eaten in all districts by at least 80% of children. The overall median frequency of liver intake was 1.0 [25th, 75th percentiles: 0.5, 3.0] times per month and ranged from 1.0 [0.3, 2.0] to 2.0 [1.0, 4.0] for the various districts. Based on a previously reported portion size of 66 g, these results suggest vitamin A dietary adequacy in all districts and possibly also vitamin A intake exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level in some children. Routine vitamin A supplementation in this province may not be necessary and should be reconsidered. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7296811/ /pubmed/31845541 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12931 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
van Stuijvenberg, Martha E.
Schoeman, Serina E.
Nel, Jana
le Roux, Maretha
Dhansay, Muhammad A.
Liver is widely eaten by preschool children in the Northern Cape province of South Africa: Implications for routine vitamin A supplementation
title Liver is widely eaten by preschool children in the Northern Cape province of South Africa: Implications for routine vitamin A supplementation
title_full Liver is widely eaten by preschool children in the Northern Cape province of South Africa: Implications for routine vitamin A supplementation
title_fullStr Liver is widely eaten by preschool children in the Northern Cape province of South Africa: Implications for routine vitamin A supplementation
title_full_unstemmed Liver is widely eaten by preschool children in the Northern Cape province of South Africa: Implications for routine vitamin A supplementation
title_short Liver is widely eaten by preschool children in the Northern Cape province of South Africa: Implications for routine vitamin A supplementation
title_sort liver is widely eaten by preschool children in the northern cape province of south africa: implications for routine vitamin a supplementation
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31845541
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12931
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