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Enhanced pain-related conditioning for face compared to hand pain
Pain is evolutionarily hardwired to signal potential danger and threat. It has been proposed that altered pain-related associative learning processes, i.e., emotional or fear conditioning, might contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Pain in or near the face plays a special r...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7304572/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32559202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234160 |
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author | Schmidt, Katharina Forkmann, Katarina Elsenbruch, Sigrid Bingel, Ulrike |
author_facet | Schmidt, Katharina Forkmann, Katarina Elsenbruch, Sigrid Bingel, Ulrike |
author_sort | Schmidt, Katharina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pain is evolutionarily hardwired to signal potential danger and threat. It has been proposed that altered pain-related associative learning processes, i.e., emotional or fear conditioning, might contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Pain in or near the face plays a special role in pain perception and processing, especially with regard to increased pain-related fear and unpleasantness. However, differences in pain-related learning mechanisms between the face and other body parts have not yet been investigated. Here, we examined body-site specific differences in associative emotional conditioning using electrical stimuli applied to the face and the hand. Acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of cue-pain associations were assessed in a 2-day emotional conditioning paradigm using a within-subject design. Data of 34 healthy subjects revealed higher fear of face pain as compared to hand pain. During acquisition, face pain (as compared to hand pain) led to a steeper increase in pain-related negative emotions in response to conditioned stimuli (CS) as assessed using valence ratings. While no significant differences between both conditions were observed during the extinction phase, a reinstatement effect for face but not for hand pain was revealed on the descriptive level and contingency awareness was higher for face pain compared to hand pain. Our results indicate a stronger propensity to acquire cue-pain-associations for face compared to hand pain, which might also be reinstated more easily. These differences in learning and resultant pain-related emotions might play an important role in the chronification and high prevalence of chronic facial pain and stress the evolutionary significance of pain in the head and face. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7304572 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-73045722020-06-19 Enhanced pain-related conditioning for face compared to hand pain Schmidt, Katharina Forkmann, Katarina Elsenbruch, Sigrid Bingel, Ulrike PLoS One Research Article Pain is evolutionarily hardwired to signal potential danger and threat. It has been proposed that altered pain-related associative learning processes, i.e., emotional or fear conditioning, might contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Pain in or near the face plays a special role in pain perception and processing, especially with regard to increased pain-related fear and unpleasantness. However, differences in pain-related learning mechanisms between the face and other body parts have not yet been investigated. Here, we examined body-site specific differences in associative emotional conditioning using electrical stimuli applied to the face and the hand. Acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of cue-pain associations were assessed in a 2-day emotional conditioning paradigm using a within-subject design. Data of 34 healthy subjects revealed higher fear of face pain as compared to hand pain. During acquisition, face pain (as compared to hand pain) led to a steeper increase in pain-related negative emotions in response to conditioned stimuli (CS) as assessed using valence ratings. While no significant differences between both conditions were observed during the extinction phase, a reinstatement effect for face but not for hand pain was revealed on the descriptive level and contingency awareness was higher for face pain compared to hand pain. Our results indicate a stronger propensity to acquire cue-pain-associations for face compared to hand pain, which might also be reinstated more easily. These differences in learning and resultant pain-related emotions might play an important role in the chronification and high prevalence of chronic facial pain and stress the evolutionary significance of pain in the head and face. Public Library of Science 2020-06-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7304572/ /pubmed/32559202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234160 Text en © 2020 Schmidt et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Schmidt, Katharina Forkmann, Katarina Elsenbruch, Sigrid Bingel, Ulrike Enhanced pain-related conditioning for face compared to hand pain |
title | Enhanced pain-related conditioning for face compared to hand pain |
title_full | Enhanced pain-related conditioning for face compared to hand pain |
title_fullStr | Enhanced pain-related conditioning for face compared to hand pain |
title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced pain-related conditioning for face compared to hand pain |
title_short | Enhanced pain-related conditioning for face compared to hand pain |
title_sort | enhanced pain-related conditioning for face compared to hand pain |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7304572/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32559202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234160 |
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