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Golgi compartments enable controlled biomolecular assembly using promiscuous enzymes

The synthesis of eukaryotic glycans – branched sugar oligomers attached to cell-surface proteins and lipids – is organized like a factory assembly line. Specific enzymes within successive compartments of the Golgi apparatus determine where new monomer building blocks are linked to the growing oligom...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Jaiman, Anjali, Thattai, Mukund
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7360365/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32597757
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.49573
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author Jaiman, Anjali
Thattai, Mukund
author_facet Jaiman, Anjali
Thattai, Mukund
author_sort Jaiman, Anjali
collection PubMed
description The synthesis of eukaryotic glycans – branched sugar oligomers attached to cell-surface proteins and lipids – is organized like a factory assembly line. Specific enzymes within successive compartments of the Golgi apparatus determine where new monomer building blocks are linked to the growing oligomer. These enzymes act promiscuously and stochastically, causing microheterogeneity (molecule-to-molecule variability) in the final oligomer products. However, this variability is tightly controlled: a given eukaryotic protein type is typically associated with a narrow, specific glycan oligomer profile. Here, we use ideas from the mathematical theory of self-assembly to enumerate the enzymatic causes of oligomer variability and show how to eliminate each cause. We rigorously demonstrate that cells can specifically synthesize a larger repertoire of glycan oligomers by partitioning promiscuous enzymes across multiple Golgi compartments. This places limits on biomolecular assembly: glycan microheterogeneity becomes unavoidable when the number of compartments is limited, or enzymes are excessively promiscuous.
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spelling pubmed-73603652020-07-15 Golgi compartments enable controlled biomolecular assembly using promiscuous enzymes Jaiman, Anjali Thattai, Mukund eLife Cell Biology The synthesis of eukaryotic glycans – branched sugar oligomers attached to cell-surface proteins and lipids – is organized like a factory assembly line. Specific enzymes within successive compartments of the Golgi apparatus determine where new monomer building blocks are linked to the growing oligomer. These enzymes act promiscuously and stochastically, causing microheterogeneity (molecule-to-molecule variability) in the final oligomer products. However, this variability is tightly controlled: a given eukaryotic protein type is typically associated with a narrow, specific glycan oligomer profile. Here, we use ideas from the mathematical theory of self-assembly to enumerate the enzymatic causes of oligomer variability and show how to eliminate each cause. We rigorously demonstrate that cells can specifically synthesize a larger repertoire of glycan oligomers by partitioning promiscuous enzymes across multiple Golgi compartments. This places limits on biomolecular assembly: glycan microheterogeneity becomes unavoidable when the number of compartments is limited, or enzymes are excessively promiscuous. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2020-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7360365/ /pubmed/32597757 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.49573 Text en © 2020, Jaiman and Thattai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Cell Biology
Jaiman, Anjali
Thattai, Mukund
Golgi compartments enable controlled biomolecular assembly using promiscuous enzymes
title Golgi compartments enable controlled biomolecular assembly using promiscuous enzymes
title_full Golgi compartments enable controlled biomolecular assembly using promiscuous enzymes
title_fullStr Golgi compartments enable controlled biomolecular assembly using promiscuous enzymes
title_full_unstemmed Golgi compartments enable controlled biomolecular assembly using promiscuous enzymes
title_short Golgi compartments enable controlled biomolecular assembly using promiscuous enzymes
title_sort golgi compartments enable controlled biomolecular assembly using promiscuous enzymes
topic Cell Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7360365/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32597757
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.49573
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AT thattaimukund golgicompartmentsenablecontrolledbiomolecularassemblyusingpromiscuousenzymes