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In vivo and in silico characterization of apocynin in reducing organ oxidative stress: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study

Apocynin has been widely used in vivo as a Nox2‐contaninig nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor. However, its time‐dependent tissue distribution and inhibition on organ reactive oxygen species (ROS) production remained unclear. In this study, we examined apocynin pharmacokin...

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Autores principales: Liu, Fangfei, Fan, Lampson M., Michael, Nicholas, Li, Jian‐Mei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7406636/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761799
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.635
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author Liu, Fangfei
Fan, Lampson M.
Michael, Nicholas
Li, Jian‐Mei
author_facet Liu, Fangfei
Fan, Lampson M.
Michael, Nicholas
Li, Jian‐Mei
author_sort Liu, Fangfei
collection PubMed
description Apocynin has been widely used in vivo as a Nox2‐contaninig nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor. However, its time‐dependent tissue distribution and inhibition on organ reactive oxygen species (ROS) production remained unclear. In this study, we examined apocynin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PKPD) after intravenous (iv) injection (bolus, 5 mg/kg) of mice (CD1, 12‐week). Apocynin was detected using a HPLC coupled to a linear ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometer. Apocynin peak concentrations were detected in plasma at 1 minute (5494 ± 400 ng/mL) (t (1/2) = 0.05 hours, clearance = 7.76 L/h/kg), in urine at 15 minutes (14 942 ± 5977 ng/mL), in liver at 5 minutes (2853 ± 35 ng/g), in heart at 5 minutes (3161 ± 309 ng/g) and in brain at 1 minute (4603 ± 208 ng/g) after iv injection. These were accompanied with reduction of ROS production in the liver, heart and brain homogenates. Diapocynin was not detected in these samples. Therapeutic effect of apocynin was examined using a mouse model (C57BL/6J) of high‐fat diet (HFD, 16 weeks)‐induced obesity and accelerated aging. Apocynin (5 mmol/L) was supplied in drinking water during the HFD period and was detected at the end of treatment in the brain (5369 ± 1612 ng/g), liver (4818 ± 1340 ng/g) and heart (1795 ± 1487 ng/g) along with significant reductions of ROS production in these organs. In conclusion, apocynin PKPD is characterized by a short half‐life, rapid clearance, good distribution and inhibition of ROS production in major organs. Diapocynin is not a metabolite of apocynin in vivo. Apocynin crosses easily the blood‐brain barrier and reduces brain oxidative stress associated with metabolic disorders and aging.
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spelling pubmed-74066362020-08-07 In vivo and in silico characterization of apocynin in reducing organ oxidative stress: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study Liu, Fangfei Fan, Lampson M. Michael, Nicholas Li, Jian‐Mei Pharmacol Res Perspect Original Articles Apocynin has been widely used in vivo as a Nox2‐contaninig nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor. However, its time‐dependent tissue distribution and inhibition on organ reactive oxygen species (ROS) production remained unclear. In this study, we examined apocynin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PKPD) after intravenous (iv) injection (bolus, 5 mg/kg) of mice (CD1, 12‐week). Apocynin was detected using a HPLC coupled to a linear ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometer. Apocynin peak concentrations were detected in plasma at 1 minute (5494 ± 400 ng/mL) (t (1/2) = 0.05 hours, clearance = 7.76 L/h/kg), in urine at 15 minutes (14 942 ± 5977 ng/mL), in liver at 5 minutes (2853 ± 35 ng/g), in heart at 5 minutes (3161 ± 309 ng/g) and in brain at 1 minute (4603 ± 208 ng/g) after iv injection. These were accompanied with reduction of ROS production in the liver, heart and brain homogenates. Diapocynin was not detected in these samples. Therapeutic effect of apocynin was examined using a mouse model (C57BL/6J) of high‐fat diet (HFD, 16 weeks)‐induced obesity and accelerated aging. Apocynin (5 mmol/L) was supplied in drinking water during the HFD period and was detected at the end of treatment in the brain (5369 ± 1612 ng/g), liver (4818 ± 1340 ng/g) and heart (1795 ± 1487 ng/g) along with significant reductions of ROS production in these organs. In conclusion, apocynin PKPD is characterized by a short half‐life, rapid clearance, good distribution and inhibition of ROS production in major organs. Diapocynin is not a metabolite of apocynin in vivo. Apocynin crosses easily the blood‐brain barrier and reduces brain oxidative stress associated with metabolic disorders and aging. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7406636/ /pubmed/32761799 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.635 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives published by British Pharmacological Society and American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Liu, Fangfei
Fan, Lampson M.
Michael, Nicholas
Li, Jian‐Mei
In vivo and in silico characterization of apocynin in reducing organ oxidative stress: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study
title In vivo and in silico characterization of apocynin in reducing organ oxidative stress: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study
title_full In vivo and in silico characterization of apocynin in reducing organ oxidative stress: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study
title_fullStr In vivo and in silico characterization of apocynin in reducing organ oxidative stress: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study
title_full_unstemmed In vivo and in silico characterization of apocynin in reducing organ oxidative stress: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study
title_short In vivo and in silico characterization of apocynin in reducing organ oxidative stress: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study
title_sort in vivo and in silico characterization of apocynin in reducing organ oxidative stress: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7406636/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761799
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.635
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