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Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake

The main goal of the present research was to explore the seasonal variation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat, corn, and their products, collected during 2018–2019. Samples of 449 of wheat and products and 270 samples of corn and their products were examined using reverse-phase liquid chromatography...

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Autores principales: Iqbal, Shahzad Zafar, Usman, Sunusi, Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull, Basheir Ali, Nada, Saif, Tahmina, Asi, Muhammad Rafique
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432857/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32756472
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155602
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author Iqbal, Shahzad Zafar
Usman, Sunusi
Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull
Basheir Ali, Nada
Saif, Tahmina
Asi, Muhammad Rafique
author_facet Iqbal, Shahzad Zafar
Usman, Sunusi
Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull
Basheir Ali, Nada
Saif, Tahmina
Asi, Muhammad Rafique
author_sort Iqbal, Shahzad Zafar
collection PubMed
description The main goal of the present research was to explore the seasonal variation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat, corn, and their products, collected during 2018–2019. Samples of 449 of wheat and products and 270 samples of corn and their products were examined using reverse-phase liquid chromatography with a UV detector. The findings of the present work showed that 104 (44.8%) samples of wheat and products from the summer season, and 91 (41.9%) samples from winter season were contaminated with DON (concentration limit of detections (LOD) to 2145 µg/kg and LOD to 2050 µg/kg), from summer and winter seasons, respectively. In corn and products, 87 (61.2%) samples from summer and 57 (44.5%) samples from winter season were polluted with DON with levels ranging from LOD to 2967 µg/kg and LOD to 2490 µg/kg, from the summer and winter season, respectively. The highest dietary intake of DON was determined in wheat flour 8.84 µg/kg body weight/day from the summer season, and 7.21 µg/kg body weight/day from the winter season. The findings of the work argued the need to implement stringent guidelines and create awareness among farmers, stakeholders, and traders of the harmful effect of DON. It is mostly observed that cereal crops are transported and stockpiled in jute bags, which may absorb moisture from the environment and produce favorable conditions for fungal growth. Therefore, these crops must store in polyethylene bags during transportation and storage, and moisture should be controlled. It is highly desirable to use those varieties that are more resistant to fungi attack. Humidity and moisture levels need to be controlled during storage and transportation.
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spelling pubmed-74328572020-08-27 Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake Iqbal, Shahzad Zafar Usman, Sunusi Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull Basheir Ali, Nada Saif, Tahmina Asi, Muhammad Rafique Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The main goal of the present research was to explore the seasonal variation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat, corn, and their products, collected during 2018–2019. Samples of 449 of wheat and products and 270 samples of corn and their products were examined using reverse-phase liquid chromatography with a UV detector. The findings of the present work showed that 104 (44.8%) samples of wheat and products from the summer season, and 91 (41.9%) samples from winter season were contaminated with DON (concentration limit of detections (LOD) to 2145 µg/kg and LOD to 2050 µg/kg), from summer and winter seasons, respectively. In corn and products, 87 (61.2%) samples from summer and 57 (44.5%) samples from winter season were polluted with DON with levels ranging from LOD to 2967 µg/kg and LOD to 2490 µg/kg, from the summer and winter season, respectively. The highest dietary intake of DON was determined in wheat flour 8.84 µg/kg body weight/day from the summer season, and 7.21 µg/kg body weight/day from the winter season. The findings of the work argued the need to implement stringent guidelines and create awareness among farmers, stakeholders, and traders of the harmful effect of DON. It is mostly observed that cereal crops are transported and stockpiled in jute bags, which may absorb moisture from the environment and produce favorable conditions for fungal growth. Therefore, these crops must store in polyethylene bags during transportation and storage, and moisture should be controlled. It is highly desirable to use those varieties that are more resistant to fungi attack. Humidity and moisture levels need to be controlled during storage and transportation. MDPI 2020-08-03 2020-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7432857/ /pubmed/32756472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155602 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Iqbal, Shahzad Zafar
Usman, Sunusi
Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull
Basheir Ali, Nada
Saif, Tahmina
Asi, Muhammad Rafique
Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake
title Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake
title_full Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake
title_fullStr Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake
title_short Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake
title_sort assessment of deoxynivalenol in wheat, corn and its products and estimation of dietary intake
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432857/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32756472
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155602
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