Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis

There have been many chapters written about macrophage polarization. These chapters generally focus on the role of macrophages in orchestrating immune responses by highlighting the T-cell-derived cytokines that shape these polarizing responses. This bias toward immunity is understandable, given the...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mosser, David M., Hamidzadeh, Kajal, Goncalves, Ricardo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7491045/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32934339
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00541-3
_version_ 1783582140552708096
author Mosser, David M.
Hamidzadeh, Kajal
Goncalves, Ricardo
author_facet Mosser, David M.
Hamidzadeh, Kajal
Goncalves, Ricardo
author_sort Mosser, David M.
collection PubMed
description There have been many chapters written about macrophage polarization. These chapters generally focus on the role of macrophages in orchestrating immune responses by highlighting the T-cell-derived cytokines that shape these polarizing responses. This bias toward immunity is understandable, given the importance of macrophages to host defense. However, macrophages are ubiquitous and are involved in many different cellular processes, and describing them as immune cells is undoubtedly an oversimplification. It disregards their important roles in development, tissue remodeling, wound healing, angiogenesis, and metabolism, to name just a few processes. In this chapter, we propose that macrophages function as transducers in the body. According to Wikipedia, “A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.” The word transducer is a term used to describe both the “sensor,” which can interpret a wide range of energy forms, and the “actuator,” which can switch voltages or currents to affect the environment. Macrophages are able to sense a seemingly endless variety of inputs from their environment and transduce these inputs into a variety of different response outcomes. Thus, rather than functioning as immune cells, they should be considered more broadly as cellular transducers that interpret microenvironmental changes and actuate vital tissue responses. In this chapter, we will describe some of the sensory stimuli that macrophages perceive and the responses they make to these stimuli to achieve their prime directive, which is the maintenance of homeostasis.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7491045
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-74910452020-09-15 Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis Mosser, David M. Hamidzadeh, Kajal Goncalves, Ricardo Cell Mol Immunol Review Article There have been many chapters written about macrophage polarization. These chapters generally focus on the role of macrophages in orchestrating immune responses by highlighting the T-cell-derived cytokines that shape these polarizing responses. This bias toward immunity is understandable, given the importance of macrophages to host defense. However, macrophages are ubiquitous and are involved in many different cellular processes, and describing them as immune cells is undoubtedly an oversimplification. It disregards their important roles in development, tissue remodeling, wound healing, angiogenesis, and metabolism, to name just a few processes. In this chapter, we propose that macrophages function as transducers in the body. According to Wikipedia, “A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.” The word transducer is a term used to describe both the “sensor,” which can interpret a wide range of energy forms, and the “actuator,” which can switch voltages or currents to affect the environment. Macrophages are able to sense a seemingly endless variety of inputs from their environment and transduce these inputs into a variety of different response outcomes. Thus, rather than functioning as immune cells, they should be considered more broadly as cellular transducers that interpret microenvironmental changes and actuate vital tissue responses. In this chapter, we will describe some of the sensory stimuli that macrophages perceive and the responses they make to these stimuli to achieve their prime directive, which is the maintenance of homeostasis. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-09-15 2021-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7491045/ /pubmed/32934339 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00541-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Article
Mosser, David M.
Hamidzadeh, Kajal
Goncalves, Ricardo
Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis
title Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis
title_full Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis
title_fullStr Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis
title_full_unstemmed Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis
title_short Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis
title_sort macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7491045/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32934339
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00541-3
work_keys_str_mv AT mosserdavidm macrophagesandthemaintenanceofhomeostasis
AT hamidzadehkajal macrophagesandthemaintenanceofhomeostasis
AT goncalvesricardo macrophagesandthemaintenanceofhomeostasis