Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis
There have been many chapters written about macrophage polarization. These chapters generally focus on the role of macrophages in orchestrating immune responses by highlighting the T-cell-derived cytokines that shape these polarizing responses. This bias toward immunity is understandable, given the...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7491045/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32934339 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00541-3 |
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author | Mosser, David M. Hamidzadeh, Kajal Goncalves, Ricardo |
author_facet | Mosser, David M. Hamidzadeh, Kajal Goncalves, Ricardo |
author_sort | Mosser, David M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | There have been many chapters written about macrophage polarization. These chapters generally focus on the role of macrophages in orchestrating immune responses by highlighting the T-cell-derived cytokines that shape these polarizing responses. This bias toward immunity is understandable, given the importance of macrophages to host defense. However, macrophages are ubiquitous and are involved in many different cellular processes, and describing them as immune cells is undoubtedly an oversimplification. It disregards their important roles in development, tissue remodeling, wound healing, angiogenesis, and metabolism, to name just a few processes. In this chapter, we propose that macrophages function as transducers in the body. According to Wikipedia, “A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.” The word transducer is a term used to describe both the “sensor,” which can interpret a wide range of energy forms, and the “actuator,” which can switch voltages or currents to affect the environment. Macrophages are able to sense a seemingly endless variety of inputs from their environment and transduce these inputs into a variety of different response outcomes. Thus, rather than functioning as immune cells, they should be considered more broadly as cellular transducers that interpret microenvironmental changes and actuate vital tissue responses. In this chapter, we will describe some of the sensory stimuli that macrophages perceive and the responses they make to these stimuli to achieve their prime directive, which is the maintenance of homeostasis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7491045 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74910452020-09-15 Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis Mosser, David M. Hamidzadeh, Kajal Goncalves, Ricardo Cell Mol Immunol Review Article There have been many chapters written about macrophage polarization. These chapters generally focus on the role of macrophages in orchestrating immune responses by highlighting the T-cell-derived cytokines that shape these polarizing responses. This bias toward immunity is understandable, given the importance of macrophages to host defense. However, macrophages are ubiquitous and are involved in many different cellular processes, and describing them as immune cells is undoubtedly an oversimplification. It disregards their important roles in development, tissue remodeling, wound healing, angiogenesis, and metabolism, to name just a few processes. In this chapter, we propose that macrophages function as transducers in the body. According to Wikipedia, “A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.” The word transducer is a term used to describe both the “sensor,” which can interpret a wide range of energy forms, and the “actuator,” which can switch voltages or currents to affect the environment. Macrophages are able to sense a seemingly endless variety of inputs from their environment and transduce these inputs into a variety of different response outcomes. Thus, rather than functioning as immune cells, they should be considered more broadly as cellular transducers that interpret microenvironmental changes and actuate vital tissue responses. In this chapter, we will describe some of the sensory stimuli that macrophages perceive and the responses they make to these stimuli to achieve their prime directive, which is the maintenance of homeostasis. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-09-15 2021-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7491045/ /pubmed/32934339 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00541-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Article Mosser, David M. Hamidzadeh, Kajal Goncalves, Ricardo Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis |
title | Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis |
title_full | Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis |
title_fullStr | Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis |
title_full_unstemmed | Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis |
title_short | Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis |
title_sort | macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7491045/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32934339 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00541-3 |
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