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Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Combined With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and GM-CSF as Salvage Therapy in a PD-L1-Negative Patient With Refractory Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis, which is often diagnosed at a late stage. Effective treatment options are limited when patients fail standard systemic therapy. The application of PD-1 inhibitors have led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of ESCC, but...
| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
| Lenguaje: | English |
| Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7493754/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014817 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01625 |