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Gut microbiota and undigested food constituents modify toxin composition and suppress the genotoxicity of a naturally occurring mixture of Alternaria toxins in vitro

Molds of the genus Alternaria produce several mycotoxins, some of which may pose a threat for health due to their genotoxicity. Due to the lack of adequate toxicological and occurrence data, they are currently not regulated. Interactions between mycotoxins, gut microbiota and food constituents might...

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Autores principales: Crudo, Francesco, Aichinger, Georg, Mihajlovic, Jovana, Dellafiora, Luca, Varga, Elisabeth, Puntscher, Hannes, Warth, Benedikt, Dall’Asta, Chiara, Berry, David, Marko, Doris
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7502057/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32623606
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02831-1
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author Crudo, Francesco
Aichinger, Georg
Mihajlovic, Jovana
Dellafiora, Luca
Varga, Elisabeth
Puntscher, Hannes
Warth, Benedikt
Dall’Asta, Chiara
Berry, David
Marko, Doris
author_facet Crudo, Francesco
Aichinger, Georg
Mihajlovic, Jovana
Dellafiora, Luca
Varga, Elisabeth
Puntscher, Hannes
Warth, Benedikt
Dall’Asta, Chiara
Berry, David
Marko, Doris
author_sort Crudo, Francesco
collection PubMed
description Molds of the genus Alternaria produce several mycotoxins, some of which may pose a threat for health due to their genotoxicity. Due to the lack of adequate toxicological and occurrence data, they are currently not regulated. Interactions between mycotoxins, gut microbiota and food constituents might occur after food ingestion, modifying the bioavailability and, therefore, overall toxicity of mycotoxins. The present work aimed to investigate the impact of in vitro short-term fecal incubation on the in vitro DNA-damaging effects exerted by 5 µg/mL of an Alternaria alternata extract, containing, among others, 15 nM alternariol, 12 nM alternariol monomethyl ether, 241 nM altertoxin II and 301 nM stemphyltoxin III, all of which are known as genotoxic. The involvement of microorganisms, undigested food constituents and soluble substances of human fecal samples in modifying the composition and the genotoxicity of the extract was investigated through the application of LC–MS/MS analysis and comet assays in HT-29 cells. Results showed that the potential of the mycotoxins to induce DNA strand breaks was almost completely quenched, even before anaerobic incubation, by contact with the different fractions of the fecal samples, while the potency to induce formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG)-sensitive sites was only slightly reduced. These effects were in line with a reduction of mycotoxin concentrations found in samples analyzed by LC–MS/MS. Although a direct correlation between the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota and modifications in mycotoxin contents was not clearly observed, adsorptive phenomena to bacterial cells and to undigested food constituents might explain the observed modifications. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00204-020-02831-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-75020572020-10-01 Gut microbiota and undigested food constituents modify toxin composition and suppress the genotoxicity of a naturally occurring mixture of Alternaria toxins in vitro Crudo, Francesco Aichinger, Georg Mihajlovic, Jovana Dellafiora, Luca Varga, Elisabeth Puntscher, Hannes Warth, Benedikt Dall’Asta, Chiara Berry, David Marko, Doris Arch Toxicol Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity Molds of the genus Alternaria produce several mycotoxins, some of which may pose a threat for health due to their genotoxicity. Due to the lack of adequate toxicological and occurrence data, they are currently not regulated. Interactions between mycotoxins, gut microbiota and food constituents might occur after food ingestion, modifying the bioavailability and, therefore, overall toxicity of mycotoxins. The present work aimed to investigate the impact of in vitro short-term fecal incubation on the in vitro DNA-damaging effects exerted by 5 µg/mL of an Alternaria alternata extract, containing, among others, 15 nM alternariol, 12 nM alternariol monomethyl ether, 241 nM altertoxin II and 301 nM stemphyltoxin III, all of which are known as genotoxic. The involvement of microorganisms, undigested food constituents and soluble substances of human fecal samples in modifying the composition and the genotoxicity of the extract was investigated through the application of LC–MS/MS analysis and comet assays in HT-29 cells. Results showed that the potential of the mycotoxins to induce DNA strand breaks was almost completely quenched, even before anaerobic incubation, by contact with the different fractions of the fecal samples, while the potency to induce formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG)-sensitive sites was only slightly reduced. These effects were in line with a reduction of mycotoxin concentrations found in samples analyzed by LC–MS/MS. Although a direct correlation between the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota and modifications in mycotoxin contents was not clearly observed, adsorptive phenomena to bacterial cells and to undigested food constituents might explain the observed modifications. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00204-020-02831-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-07-04 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7502057/ /pubmed/32623606 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02831-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity
Crudo, Francesco
Aichinger, Georg
Mihajlovic, Jovana
Dellafiora, Luca
Varga, Elisabeth
Puntscher, Hannes
Warth, Benedikt
Dall’Asta, Chiara
Berry, David
Marko, Doris
Gut microbiota and undigested food constituents modify toxin composition and suppress the genotoxicity of a naturally occurring mixture of Alternaria toxins in vitro
title Gut microbiota and undigested food constituents modify toxin composition and suppress the genotoxicity of a naturally occurring mixture of Alternaria toxins in vitro
title_full Gut microbiota and undigested food constituents modify toxin composition and suppress the genotoxicity of a naturally occurring mixture of Alternaria toxins in vitro
title_fullStr Gut microbiota and undigested food constituents modify toxin composition and suppress the genotoxicity of a naturally occurring mixture of Alternaria toxins in vitro
title_full_unstemmed Gut microbiota and undigested food constituents modify toxin composition and suppress the genotoxicity of a naturally occurring mixture of Alternaria toxins in vitro
title_short Gut microbiota and undigested food constituents modify toxin composition and suppress the genotoxicity of a naturally occurring mixture of Alternaria toxins in vitro
title_sort gut microbiota and undigested food constituents modify toxin composition and suppress the genotoxicity of a naturally occurring mixture of alternaria toxins in vitro
topic Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7502057/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32623606
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02831-1
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