The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Injuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. PURPOSE: To investigate the hamstring injury mechanism by conducting a systematic rev...

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Autores principales: Danielsson, Adam, Horvath, Alexandra, Senorski, Carl, Alentorn-Geli, Eduard, Garrett, William E., Cugat, Ramón, Samuelsson, Kristian, Hamrin Senorski, Eric
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7526261/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32993700
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8
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author Danielsson, Adam
Horvath, Alexandra
Senorski, Carl
Alentorn-Geli, Eduard
Garrett, William E.
Cugat, Ramón
Samuelsson, Kristian
Hamrin Senorski, Eric
author_facet Danielsson, Adam
Horvath, Alexandra
Senorski, Carl
Alentorn-Geli, Eduard
Garrett, William E.
Cugat, Ramón
Samuelsson, Kristian
Hamrin Senorski, Eric
author_sort Danielsson, Adam
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Injuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. PURPOSE: To investigate the hamstring injury mechanism by conducting a systematic review. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review following the PRISMA statement. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Studies 1) written in English and 2) deciding on the mechanism of hamstring injury were eligible for inclusion. Literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, conference abstracts, book chapters and editorials were excluded, as well as studies where the full text could not be obtained. RESULTS: Twenty-six of 2372 screened original studies were included and stratified to the mechanism or methods used to determine hamstring injury: stretch-related injuries, kinematic analysis, electromyography-based kinematic analysis and strength-related injuries. All studies that reported the stretch-type injury mechanism concluded that injury occurs due to extensive hip flexion with a hyperextended knee. The vast majority of studies on injuries during running proposed that these injuries occur during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. CONCLUSION: A stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV
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spelling pubmed-75262612020-10-01 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review Danielsson, Adam Horvath, Alexandra Senorski, Carl Alentorn-Geli, Eduard Garrett, William E. Cugat, Ramón Samuelsson, Kristian Hamrin Senorski, Eric BMC Musculoskelet Disord Research Article BACKGROUND: Injuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. PURPOSE: To investigate the hamstring injury mechanism by conducting a systematic review. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review following the PRISMA statement. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Studies 1) written in English and 2) deciding on the mechanism of hamstring injury were eligible for inclusion. Literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, conference abstracts, book chapters and editorials were excluded, as well as studies where the full text could not be obtained. RESULTS: Twenty-six of 2372 screened original studies were included and stratified to the mechanism or methods used to determine hamstring injury: stretch-related injuries, kinematic analysis, electromyography-based kinematic analysis and strength-related injuries. All studies that reported the stretch-type injury mechanism concluded that injury occurs due to extensive hip flexion with a hyperextended knee. The vast majority of studies on injuries during running proposed that these injuries occur during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. CONCLUSION: A stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV BioMed Central 2020-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7526261/ /pubmed/32993700 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Danielsson, Adam
Horvath, Alexandra
Senorski, Carl
Alentorn-Geli, Eduard
Garrett, William E.
Cugat, Ramón
Samuelsson, Kristian
Hamrin Senorski, Eric
The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review
title The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review
title_full The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review
title_fullStr The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review
title_short The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review
title_sort mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7526261/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32993700
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8
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