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Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics

The reduced development of COVID-19 for children compared to adults provides some tantalizing clues on the pathogenesis and transmissibility of this pandemic virus. First, ACE2, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, is reduced in the respiratory tract in children...

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Autores principales: Steinman, Jonathan Baruch, Lum, Fok Moon, Ho, Peggy Pui-Kay, Kaminski, Naftali, Steinman, Lawrence
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7547272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32883878
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012358117
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author Steinman, Jonathan Baruch
Lum, Fok Moon
Ho, Peggy Pui-Kay
Kaminski, Naftali
Steinman, Lawrence
author_facet Steinman, Jonathan Baruch
Lum, Fok Moon
Ho, Peggy Pui-Kay
Kaminski, Naftali
Steinman, Lawrence
author_sort Steinman, Jonathan Baruch
collection PubMed
description The reduced development of COVID-19 for children compared to adults provides some tantalizing clues on the pathogenesis and transmissibility of this pandemic virus. First, ACE2, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, is reduced in the respiratory tract in children. Second, coronavirus associated with common colds in children may offer some protection, due to cross-reactive humoral immunity and T cell immunity between common coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. Third, T helper 2 immune responses are protective in children. Fourth, surprisingly, eosinophilia, associated with T helper 2, may be protective. Fifth, children generally produce lower levels of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, the influence of the downturn in the global economy, the impact of living in quarters among families who are the most at risk, and factors including the openings of some schools, are considered. Those most disadvantaged socioeconomically may suffer disproportionately with COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-75472722020-10-22 Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics Steinman, Jonathan Baruch Lum, Fok Moon Ho, Peggy Pui-Kay Kaminski, Naftali Steinman, Lawrence Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Perspective The reduced development of COVID-19 for children compared to adults provides some tantalizing clues on the pathogenesis and transmissibility of this pandemic virus. First, ACE2, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, is reduced in the respiratory tract in children. Second, coronavirus associated with common colds in children may offer some protection, due to cross-reactive humoral immunity and T cell immunity between common coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. Third, T helper 2 immune responses are protective in children. Fourth, surprisingly, eosinophilia, associated with T helper 2, may be protective. Fifth, children generally produce lower levels of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, the influence of the downturn in the global economy, the impact of living in quarters among families who are the most at risk, and factors including the openings of some schools, are considered. Those most disadvantaged socioeconomically may suffer disproportionately with COVID-19. National Academy of Sciences 2020-10-06 2020-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7547272/ /pubmed/32883878 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012358117 Text en Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Perspective
Steinman, Jonathan Baruch
Lum, Fok Moon
Ho, Peggy Pui-Kay
Kaminski, Naftali
Steinman, Lawrence
Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics
title Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics
title_full Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics
title_fullStr Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics
title_full_unstemmed Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics
title_short Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics
title_sort reduced development of covid-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics
topic Perspective
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7547272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32883878
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012358117
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