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Levels of Alternaria Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee
Alternaria toxins are emerging mycotoxins, candidates for regulation by European Authorities. Therefore, highly sensitive, confirmatory, and reliable analytical methodologies are required for their monitoring in food. In that context, an isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551213/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942568 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090595 |
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author | Mujahid, Claudia Savoy, Marie-Claude Baslé, Quentin Woo, Pei Mun Ee, Edith Chin Yean Mottier, Pascal Bessaire, Thomas |
author_facet | Mujahid, Claudia Savoy, Marie-Claude Baslé, Quentin Woo, Pei Mun Ee, Edith Chin Yean Mottier, Pascal Bessaire, Thomas |
author_sort | Mujahid, Claudia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Alternaria toxins are emerging mycotoxins, candidates for regulation by European Authorities. Therefore, highly sensitive, confirmatory, and reliable analytical methodologies are required for their monitoring in food. In that context, an isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of five Alternaria toxins (Altenuene, Alternariol, Alternariol monomethylether, Tentoxin, and Tenuazonic Acid) in a broad range of commodities including cereals and cereal-based products, tomato-based products, tree nuts, vegetable oils, dried fruits, cocoa, green coffee, spices, herbs, and tea. Validation data collected in two different laboratories demonstrated the robustness of the method. Underestimation of Tenuazonic Acid level in dry samples such as cereals was reported when inappropriate extraction solvent mixtures were used as currently done in several published methodologies. An investigation survey performed on 216 food items evidenced large variations of Alternaria toxins levels, in line with data reported in the last EFSA safety assessment. The analysis of 78 green coffee samples collected from 21 producing countries demonstrated that coffee is a negligible source of exposure to Alternaria toxins. Its wide scope of application, adequate sample throughput, and high sensitivity make this method fit for purpose for the regular monitoring of Alternaria toxins in foods. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7551213 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75512132020-10-16 Levels of Alternaria Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee Mujahid, Claudia Savoy, Marie-Claude Baslé, Quentin Woo, Pei Mun Ee, Edith Chin Yean Mottier, Pascal Bessaire, Thomas Toxins (Basel) Article Alternaria toxins are emerging mycotoxins, candidates for regulation by European Authorities. Therefore, highly sensitive, confirmatory, and reliable analytical methodologies are required for their monitoring in food. In that context, an isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of five Alternaria toxins (Altenuene, Alternariol, Alternariol monomethylether, Tentoxin, and Tenuazonic Acid) in a broad range of commodities including cereals and cereal-based products, tomato-based products, tree nuts, vegetable oils, dried fruits, cocoa, green coffee, spices, herbs, and tea. Validation data collected in two different laboratories demonstrated the robustness of the method. Underestimation of Tenuazonic Acid level in dry samples such as cereals was reported when inappropriate extraction solvent mixtures were used as currently done in several published methodologies. An investigation survey performed on 216 food items evidenced large variations of Alternaria toxins levels, in line with data reported in the last EFSA safety assessment. The analysis of 78 green coffee samples collected from 21 producing countries demonstrated that coffee is a negligible source of exposure to Alternaria toxins. Its wide scope of application, adequate sample throughput, and high sensitivity make this method fit for purpose for the regular monitoring of Alternaria toxins in foods. MDPI 2020-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7551213/ /pubmed/32942568 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090595 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Mujahid, Claudia Savoy, Marie-Claude Baslé, Quentin Woo, Pei Mun Ee, Edith Chin Yean Mottier, Pascal Bessaire, Thomas Levels of Alternaria Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee |
title | Levels of Alternaria Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee |
title_full | Levels of Alternaria Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee |
title_fullStr | Levels of Alternaria Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee |
title_full_unstemmed | Levels of Alternaria Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee |
title_short | Levels of Alternaria Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee |
title_sort | levels of alternaria toxins in selected food commodities including green coffee |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551213/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942568 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090595 |
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