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Dietary chloride levels affect performance and eggshell quality of laying hens by substitution of sodium sulfate for sodium chloride
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary chloride (Cl) levels on performance, eggshell mechanical quality, and ultrastructure in layers based on the substitution of sodium chloride (NaCl) by sodium sulfate (Na(2)SO(4)). Three hundred sixty Jing Brown laying hens aged 43 wk w...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7587689/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32036988 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.030 |
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author | Wang, Jing Zhang, Hai-jun Wu, Shu-geng Qi, Guang-hai Xu, Li Wang, Jing |
author_facet | Wang, Jing Zhang, Hai-jun Wu, Shu-geng Qi, Guang-hai Xu, Li Wang, Jing |
author_sort | Wang, Jing |
collection | PubMed |
description | The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary chloride (Cl) levels on performance, eggshell mechanical quality, and ultrastructure in layers based on the substitution of sodium chloride (NaCl) by sodium sulfate (Na(2)SO(4)). Three hundred sixty Jing Brown laying hens aged 43 wk were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed with corn–soybean meal diets containing 0.06, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25% total Cl inclusion. Every group had 8 replicates of 9 birds each. The feeding trial lasted for 12 wk. The results showed dietary 0.06% Cl due to complete substitution of NaCl by Na(2)SO(4), depressed performance (P < 0.05) from 45 to 54 wk of age, increased serum creatinine level (P < 0.05), and caused visible renal tubular atrophy. Dietary Cl levels quadratically affected breaking strength, thickness, and weight of eggshell (P < 0.05). Better eggshell quality could be obtained when NaCl was partly replaced by Na(2)SO(4) in laying hen diets maintaining Cl level at 0.10 or 0.15%. Moreover, the eggshell ash content was affected by Cl levels in a quadratic (P < 0.001) manner, with higher values observed in the 0.10 and 0.15% Cl groups (P < 0.05). Besides, the eggshell ultrastructural data showed that the total thickness and effective thickness significantly increased (P < 0.05) and mammillary thickness decreased (P < 0.05) in the group of dietary 0.15% Cl compared with the groups of 0.06 and 0.25% Cl. In conclusion, the complete substitution of dietary NaCl by Na(2)SO(4) may induce Cl deficiency and depress laying performance and eggshell quality. Na(2)SO(4) could partly replace NaCl in diets for laying hens (43–54 wk of age) without adverse effects on performance at the dietary Cl level from 0.10 to 0.25%. Better eggshell quality could be obtained when NaCl was partly replaced by Na(2)SO(4) in laying hen diets maintaining Cl level at ∼0.15%. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7587689 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75876892020-10-27 Dietary chloride levels affect performance and eggshell quality of laying hens by substitution of sodium sulfate for sodium chloride Wang, Jing Zhang, Hai-jun Wu, Shu-geng Qi, Guang-hai Xu, Li Wang, Jing Poult Sci Metabolism and Nutrition The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary chloride (Cl) levels on performance, eggshell mechanical quality, and ultrastructure in layers based on the substitution of sodium chloride (NaCl) by sodium sulfate (Na(2)SO(4)). Three hundred sixty Jing Brown laying hens aged 43 wk were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed with corn–soybean meal diets containing 0.06, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25% total Cl inclusion. Every group had 8 replicates of 9 birds each. The feeding trial lasted for 12 wk. The results showed dietary 0.06% Cl due to complete substitution of NaCl by Na(2)SO(4), depressed performance (P < 0.05) from 45 to 54 wk of age, increased serum creatinine level (P < 0.05), and caused visible renal tubular atrophy. Dietary Cl levels quadratically affected breaking strength, thickness, and weight of eggshell (P < 0.05). Better eggshell quality could be obtained when NaCl was partly replaced by Na(2)SO(4) in laying hen diets maintaining Cl level at 0.10 or 0.15%. Moreover, the eggshell ash content was affected by Cl levels in a quadratic (P < 0.001) manner, with higher values observed in the 0.10 and 0.15% Cl groups (P < 0.05). Besides, the eggshell ultrastructural data showed that the total thickness and effective thickness significantly increased (P < 0.05) and mammillary thickness decreased (P < 0.05) in the group of dietary 0.15% Cl compared with the groups of 0.06 and 0.25% Cl. In conclusion, the complete substitution of dietary NaCl by Na(2)SO(4) may induce Cl deficiency and depress laying performance and eggshell quality. Na(2)SO(4) could partly replace NaCl in diets for laying hens (43–54 wk of age) without adverse effects on performance at the dietary Cl level from 0.10 to 0.25%. Better eggshell quality could be obtained when NaCl was partly replaced by Na(2)SO(4) in laying hen diets maintaining Cl level at ∼0.15%. Elsevier 2019-12-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7587689/ /pubmed/32036988 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.030 Text en © 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Metabolism and Nutrition Wang, Jing Zhang, Hai-jun Wu, Shu-geng Qi, Guang-hai Xu, Li Wang, Jing Dietary chloride levels affect performance and eggshell quality of laying hens by substitution of sodium sulfate for sodium chloride |
title | Dietary chloride levels affect performance and eggshell quality of laying hens by substitution of sodium sulfate for sodium chloride |
title_full | Dietary chloride levels affect performance and eggshell quality of laying hens by substitution of sodium sulfate for sodium chloride |
title_fullStr | Dietary chloride levels affect performance and eggshell quality of laying hens by substitution of sodium sulfate for sodium chloride |
title_full_unstemmed | Dietary chloride levels affect performance and eggshell quality of laying hens by substitution of sodium sulfate for sodium chloride |
title_short | Dietary chloride levels affect performance and eggshell quality of laying hens by substitution of sodium sulfate for sodium chloride |
title_sort | dietary chloride levels affect performance and eggshell quality of laying hens by substitution of sodium sulfate for sodium chloride |
topic | Metabolism and Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7587689/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32036988 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.030 |
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