Emergence of Organisms
Since early cybernetics studies by Wiener, Pask, and Ashby, the properties of living systems are subject to deep investigations. The goals of this endeavour are both understanding and building: abstract models and general principles are sought for describing organisms, their dynamics and their abili...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33286932 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101163 |
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author | Roli, Andrea Kauffman, Stuart A. |
author_facet | Roli, Andrea Kauffman, Stuart A. |
author_sort | Roli, Andrea |
collection | PubMed |
description | Since early cybernetics studies by Wiener, Pask, and Ashby, the properties of living systems are subject to deep investigations. The goals of this endeavour are both understanding and building: abstract models and general principles are sought for describing organisms, their dynamics and their ability to produce adaptive behavior. This research has achieved prominent results in fields such as artificial intelligence and artificial life. For example, today we have robots capable of exploring hostile environments with high level of self-sufficiency, planning capabilities and able to learn. Nevertheless, the discrepancy between the emergence and evolution of life and artificial systems is still huge. In this paper, we identify the fundamental elements that characterize the evolution of the biosphere and open-ended evolution, and we illustrate their implications for the evolution of artificial systems. Subsequently, we discuss the most relevant issues and questions that this viewpoint poses both for biological and artificial systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7597334 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75973342020-11-09 Emergence of Organisms Roli, Andrea Kauffman, Stuart A. Entropy (Basel) Perspective Since early cybernetics studies by Wiener, Pask, and Ashby, the properties of living systems are subject to deep investigations. The goals of this endeavour are both understanding and building: abstract models and general principles are sought for describing organisms, their dynamics and their ability to produce adaptive behavior. This research has achieved prominent results in fields such as artificial intelligence and artificial life. For example, today we have robots capable of exploring hostile environments with high level of self-sufficiency, planning capabilities and able to learn. Nevertheless, the discrepancy between the emergence and evolution of life and artificial systems is still huge. In this paper, we identify the fundamental elements that characterize the evolution of the biosphere and open-ended evolution, and we illustrate their implications for the evolution of artificial systems. Subsequently, we discuss the most relevant issues and questions that this viewpoint poses both for biological and artificial systems. MDPI 2020-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7597334/ /pubmed/33286932 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101163 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Perspective Roli, Andrea Kauffman, Stuart A. Emergence of Organisms |
title | Emergence of Organisms |
title_full | Emergence of Organisms |
title_fullStr | Emergence of Organisms |
title_full_unstemmed | Emergence of Organisms |
title_short | Emergence of Organisms |
title_sort | emergence of organisms |
topic | Perspective |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33286932 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101163 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT roliandrea emergenceoforganisms AT kauffmanstuarta emergenceoforganisms |