Emergence of Organisms

Since early cybernetics studies by Wiener, Pask, and Ashby, the properties of living systems are subject to deep investigations. The goals of this endeavour are both understanding and building: abstract models and general principles are sought for describing organisms, their dynamics and their abili...

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Autores principales: Roli, Andrea, Kauffman, Stuart A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33286932
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101163
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author Roli, Andrea
Kauffman, Stuart A.
author_facet Roli, Andrea
Kauffman, Stuart A.
author_sort Roli, Andrea
collection PubMed
description Since early cybernetics studies by Wiener, Pask, and Ashby, the properties of living systems are subject to deep investigations. The goals of this endeavour are both understanding and building: abstract models and general principles are sought for describing organisms, their dynamics and their ability to produce adaptive behavior. This research has achieved prominent results in fields such as artificial intelligence and artificial life. For example, today we have robots capable of exploring hostile environments with high level of self-sufficiency, planning capabilities and able to learn. Nevertheless, the discrepancy between the emergence and evolution of life and artificial systems is still huge. In this paper, we identify the fundamental elements that characterize the evolution of the biosphere and open-ended evolution, and we illustrate their implications for the evolution of artificial systems. Subsequently, we discuss the most relevant issues and questions that this viewpoint poses both for biological and artificial systems.
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spelling pubmed-75973342020-11-09 Emergence of Organisms Roli, Andrea Kauffman, Stuart A. Entropy (Basel) Perspective Since early cybernetics studies by Wiener, Pask, and Ashby, the properties of living systems are subject to deep investigations. The goals of this endeavour are both understanding and building: abstract models and general principles are sought for describing organisms, their dynamics and their ability to produce adaptive behavior. This research has achieved prominent results in fields such as artificial intelligence and artificial life. For example, today we have robots capable of exploring hostile environments with high level of self-sufficiency, planning capabilities and able to learn. Nevertheless, the discrepancy between the emergence and evolution of life and artificial systems is still huge. In this paper, we identify the fundamental elements that characterize the evolution of the biosphere and open-ended evolution, and we illustrate their implications for the evolution of artificial systems. Subsequently, we discuss the most relevant issues and questions that this viewpoint poses both for biological and artificial systems. MDPI 2020-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7597334/ /pubmed/33286932 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101163 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Perspective
Roli, Andrea
Kauffman, Stuart A.
Emergence of Organisms
title Emergence of Organisms
title_full Emergence of Organisms
title_fullStr Emergence of Organisms
title_full_unstemmed Emergence of Organisms
title_short Emergence of Organisms
title_sort emergence of organisms
topic Perspective
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33286932
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101163
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