Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Based on Their Antimicrobial and Enzymatic Activities

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an important source of bioactive metabolites and enzymes. LAB isolates from fresh vegetable sources were evaluated to determine their antimicrobial, enzymatic, and adhesion activities. A saline solution from the rinse of each sample was inoculated in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Agar (MRS Agar) for isolates recovery. Antimicrobial activity of cell-free supernatants from presumptive LAB isolates was evaluated by microtitration against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, LAB, mold, and yeast strains. Protease, lipase, amylase, citrate metabolism and adhesion activities were also evaluated. Data were grouped using cluster analysis, with 85% of similarity. A total of 76 LAB isolates were recovered, and 13 clusters were formed based on growth inhibition of the tested microorganisms. One cluster had antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, molds and yeasts. Several LAB strains, PIM4, ELO8, PIM5 and CAL14 strongly inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes and JAV15 and TOV9 strongly inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum. Based on enzymatic activities, 5 clusters were formed. Seven isolates hydrolyzed starch, 46 proteins, 14 lipids, and 36 metabolized citrate. LAB isolates with the best activities were molecularly identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Enterococcus mundtii and Enterococcus faecium. Overall, LAB isolated from vegetables showed potential technological applications and should be further evaluated.