Effect of Antibiotic Susceptibility and CYP3A4/5 and CYP2C19 Genotype on the Outcome of Vonoprazan-Containing Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy

Background: Helicobacter pylori eradication containing the potassium-competitive acid blocker, vonoprazan, achieves a higher eradication rate than therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Because vonoprazan is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4/5, CYP genotype may affect the eradication rate. We investigated the influence of antibiotic susceptibility and CYP3A4/5 and CYP2C19 genotypes on the eradication rates. Methods: A total of 307 Japanese who were genotyped for CYP3A4 *1/*22, CYP3A5 *1/*3 and CYP2C19 *1/*2/*3/*17, and investigated for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, received vonoprazan-containing regimens: (1) With amoxicillin and clarithromycin as the first-line treatment; (2) with amoxicillin and metronidazole as the second-line treatment; or (3) with amoxicillin and sitafloxacin as the third-line treatment. Results: The eradication rate was 84.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.9–89.1%) using first-line, 92.6% (95% CI: 82.1–97.9%) using second-line and 87.5% (95% CI: 73.1–95.8%) using third-line treatment. Infection with clarithromycin-resistant strains was a predictive factor for failed eradication (odds ratio: 5.788, 95% CI: 1.916–17.485, p = 0.002) in multivariate analysis. No significant differences were observed in the eradication rate of regimens among CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP2C19 genotypes. Conclusions: Genotyping for CYP3A4 *1/*22, CYP3A5 *1/*3 and CYP2C19 *1/*2/*3/*17 before vonoprazan-containing eradication treatment may not be useful for predicting clinical outcomes.