Cargando…
Carbohydrates, Starch, Total Sugar, Fiber Intakes and Food Sources in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study †
Diet quality is a modifiable factor that may contribute to the onset of diet-related chronic diseases. Currently, in Spain there are no studies that examine the intakes and sources for total carbohydrates, starch, total sugar, and fiber by both children consuming all kind of milks and children regul...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7603006/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33081297 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103171 |
_version_ | 1783603819750359040 |
---|---|
author | Samaniego-Vaesken, Maria de Lourdes Partearroyo, Teresa Valero, Teresa Rodriguez, Paula Soto-Méndez, María José Hernández-Ruiz, Ángela Lara Villoslada, Federico Leis, Rosaura de Victoria, Emilio Martínez Moreno, José Manuel Ortega, Rosa M. Ruiz-López, María Dolores Gil, Ángel Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio |
author_facet | Samaniego-Vaesken, Maria de Lourdes Partearroyo, Teresa Valero, Teresa Rodriguez, Paula Soto-Méndez, María José Hernández-Ruiz, Ángela Lara Villoslada, Federico Leis, Rosaura de Victoria, Emilio Martínez Moreno, José Manuel Ortega, Rosa M. Ruiz-López, María Dolores Gil, Ángel Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio |
author_sort | Samaniego-Vaesken, Maria de Lourdes |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diet quality is a modifiable factor that may contribute to the onset of diet-related chronic diseases. Currently, in Spain there are no studies that examine the intakes and sources for total carbohydrates, starch, total sugar, and fiber by both children consuming all kind of milks and children regularly consuming adapted milk formulas. Our goal was to evaluate the contribution of different food groups to total carbohydrates, starch, total sugar, and fiber consumption within the EsNuPI study participants by assessing their usual intakes by applying two 24 h dietary recalls that were completed by 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two cohorts: one Spanish Reference Cohort (SRS) of the general population (n = 707) and another cohort which included children consuming adapted milks including follow-on milk, toddler’s or growing up milk, fortified and enriched milks, here called Adapted Milk Consumers Cohort” (AMS) (n = 741). Estimation of the usual intake showed that nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except for fiber. The percentage of children by age and gender who met the reference intake (RI) range for total carbohydrates, was in all groups more than 50% of individuals, except for girls aged 6 to <10 years from the reference cohort in which only 46.9% complied the RI. Median fiber intake, both in the SRS and the AMS, was well below the adequate intake (AI) for children between 3 and 10 years. Main total carbohydrates sources were cereals, followed by milk and dairy products, fruits, bakery and pastry, vegetables and sugars and sweets. The highest contributors to starch intakes were cereals, bakery and pastry, vegetables, and fruits. Major sources of total sugar intakes were milk and dairy products, fruits, bakery and pastry, sugars and sweets, vegetables, and cereals. Nonetheless, milk and dairy products, and fruits, mainly provided lactose and fructose, respectively, which are not considered free sugars. Higher contribution to fiber intakes was provided by fruits, cereals, vegetables and bakery and pastry. There were no significant differences in relation with the total sugar intake according to the body mass index (BMI) between SRS and AMS. The present study suggests a high proportion of children had total carbohydrates intakes in line with recommendations by public health authorities, but still a significant number presented insufficient total carbohydrate and fiber intakes, while total sugar consumption was high, with no major differences between SRS and AMS cohorts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7603006 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76030062020-11-01 Carbohydrates, Starch, Total Sugar, Fiber Intakes and Food Sources in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study † Samaniego-Vaesken, Maria de Lourdes Partearroyo, Teresa Valero, Teresa Rodriguez, Paula Soto-Méndez, María José Hernández-Ruiz, Ángela Lara Villoslada, Federico Leis, Rosaura de Victoria, Emilio Martínez Moreno, José Manuel Ortega, Rosa M. Ruiz-López, María Dolores Gil, Ángel Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio Nutrients Article Diet quality is a modifiable factor that may contribute to the onset of diet-related chronic diseases. Currently, in Spain there are no studies that examine the intakes and sources for total carbohydrates, starch, total sugar, and fiber by both children consuming all kind of milks and children regularly consuming adapted milk formulas. Our goal was to evaluate the contribution of different food groups to total carbohydrates, starch, total sugar, and fiber consumption within the EsNuPI study participants by assessing their usual intakes by applying two 24 h dietary recalls that were completed by 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two cohorts: one Spanish Reference Cohort (SRS) of the general population (n = 707) and another cohort which included children consuming adapted milks including follow-on milk, toddler’s or growing up milk, fortified and enriched milks, here called Adapted Milk Consumers Cohort” (AMS) (n = 741). Estimation of the usual intake showed that nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except for fiber. The percentage of children by age and gender who met the reference intake (RI) range for total carbohydrates, was in all groups more than 50% of individuals, except for girls aged 6 to <10 years from the reference cohort in which only 46.9% complied the RI. Median fiber intake, both in the SRS and the AMS, was well below the adequate intake (AI) for children between 3 and 10 years. Main total carbohydrates sources were cereals, followed by milk and dairy products, fruits, bakery and pastry, vegetables and sugars and sweets. The highest contributors to starch intakes were cereals, bakery and pastry, vegetables, and fruits. Major sources of total sugar intakes were milk and dairy products, fruits, bakery and pastry, sugars and sweets, vegetables, and cereals. Nonetheless, milk and dairy products, and fruits, mainly provided lactose and fructose, respectively, which are not considered free sugars. Higher contribution to fiber intakes was provided by fruits, cereals, vegetables and bakery and pastry. There were no significant differences in relation with the total sugar intake according to the body mass index (BMI) between SRS and AMS. The present study suggests a high proportion of children had total carbohydrates intakes in line with recommendations by public health authorities, but still a significant number presented insufficient total carbohydrate and fiber intakes, while total sugar consumption was high, with no major differences between SRS and AMS cohorts. MDPI 2020-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7603006/ /pubmed/33081297 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103171 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Samaniego-Vaesken, Maria de Lourdes Partearroyo, Teresa Valero, Teresa Rodriguez, Paula Soto-Méndez, María José Hernández-Ruiz, Ángela Lara Villoslada, Federico Leis, Rosaura de Victoria, Emilio Martínez Moreno, José Manuel Ortega, Rosa M. Ruiz-López, María Dolores Gil, Ángel Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio Carbohydrates, Starch, Total Sugar, Fiber Intakes and Food Sources in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study † |
title | Carbohydrates, Starch, Total Sugar, Fiber Intakes and Food Sources in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study † |
title_full | Carbohydrates, Starch, Total Sugar, Fiber Intakes and Food Sources in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study † |
title_fullStr | Carbohydrates, Starch, Total Sugar, Fiber Intakes and Food Sources in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study † |
title_full_unstemmed | Carbohydrates, Starch, Total Sugar, Fiber Intakes and Food Sources in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study † |
title_short | Carbohydrates, Starch, Total Sugar, Fiber Intakes and Food Sources in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study † |
title_sort | carbohydrates, starch, total sugar, fiber intakes and food sources in spanish children aged one to <10 years—results from the esnupi study † |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7603006/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33081297 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103171 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT samaniegovaeskenmariadelourdes carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT partearroyoteresa carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT valeroteresa carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT rodriguezpaula carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT sotomendezmariajose carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT hernandezruizangela carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT laravillosladafederico carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT leisrosaura carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT devictoriaemiliomartinez carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT morenojosemanuel carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT ortegarosam carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT ruizlopezmariadolores carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT gilangel carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy AT varelamoreirasgregorio carbohydratesstarchtotalsugarfiberintakesandfoodsourcesinspanishchildrenagedoneto10yearsresultsfromtheesnupistudy |