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Stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp
Canities (or hair greying) is an age-linked loss of the natural pigment called melanin from hair. While the specific cause(s) underlying the loss of melanogenically-active melanocytes from the anagen hair bulbs of affected human scalp remains unclear, oxidative stress sensing appears to be a key fac...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7603349/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33128003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75334-9 |
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author | Sikkink, Stephen K. Mine, Solene Freis, Olga Danoux, Louis Tobin, Desmond J. |
author_facet | Sikkink, Stephen K. Mine, Solene Freis, Olga Danoux, Louis Tobin, Desmond J. |
author_sort | Sikkink, Stephen K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Canities (or hair greying) is an age-linked loss of the natural pigment called melanin from hair. While the specific cause(s) underlying the loss of melanogenically-active melanocytes from the anagen hair bulbs of affected human scalp remains unclear, oxidative stress sensing appears to be a key factor involved. In this study, we examined the follicular melanin unit in variably pigmented follicles from the aging human scalp of healthy individuals (22–70 years). Over 20 markers were selected within the following categories: melanocyte-specific, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair/damage, senescence and oxidative stress. As expected, a reduction in melanocyte-specific markers in proportion to the extent of canities was observed. A major finding of our study was the intense and highly specific nuclear expression of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) protein within melanocytes in anagen hair follicle bulbs. ATM is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks and functions as an important sensor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human cells. The incidence and expression level of ATM correlated with pigmentary status in canities-affected hair follicles. Moreover, increased staining of the redox-associated markers 8-OHdG, GADD45 and GP-1 were also detected within isolated bulbar melanocytes, although this change was not clearly associated with donor age or canities extent. Surprisingly, we were unable to detect any specific change in the expression of other markers of oxidative stress, senescence or DNA damage/repair in the canities-affected melanocytes compared to surrounding bulbar keratinocytes. By contrast, several markers showed distinct expression of markers for oxidative stress and apoptosis/differentiation in the inner root sheath (IRS) as well as other parts of the hair follicle. Using our in vitro model of primary human scalp hair follicle melanocytes, we showed that ATM expression increased after incubation with the pro-oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). In addition, this ATM increase was prevented by pre-incubation of cells with antioxidants. The relationship between ATM and redox stress sensing was further evidenced as we observed that the inhibition of ATM expression by chemical inhibition promoted the loss of melanocyte viability induced by oxidative stress. Taken together these new findings illustrate the key role of ATM in the protection of human hair follicle melanocytes from oxidative stress/damage within the human scalp hair bulb. In conclusion, these results highlight the remarkable complexity and role of redox sensing in the status of human hair follicle growth, differentiation and pigmentation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7603349 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76033492020-11-03 Stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp Sikkink, Stephen K. Mine, Solene Freis, Olga Danoux, Louis Tobin, Desmond J. Sci Rep Article Canities (or hair greying) is an age-linked loss of the natural pigment called melanin from hair. While the specific cause(s) underlying the loss of melanogenically-active melanocytes from the anagen hair bulbs of affected human scalp remains unclear, oxidative stress sensing appears to be a key factor involved. In this study, we examined the follicular melanin unit in variably pigmented follicles from the aging human scalp of healthy individuals (22–70 years). Over 20 markers were selected within the following categories: melanocyte-specific, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair/damage, senescence and oxidative stress. As expected, a reduction in melanocyte-specific markers in proportion to the extent of canities was observed. A major finding of our study was the intense and highly specific nuclear expression of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) protein within melanocytes in anagen hair follicle bulbs. ATM is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks and functions as an important sensor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human cells. The incidence and expression level of ATM correlated with pigmentary status in canities-affected hair follicles. Moreover, increased staining of the redox-associated markers 8-OHdG, GADD45 and GP-1 were also detected within isolated bulbar melanocytes, although this change was not clearly associated with donor age or canities extent. Surprisingly, we were unable to detect any specific change in the expression of other markers of oxidative stress, senescence or DNA damage/repair in the canities-affected melanocytes compared to surrounding bulbar keratinocytes. By contrast, several markers showed distinct expression of markers for oxidative stress and apoptosis/differentiation in the inner root sheath (IRS) as well as other parts of the hair follicle. Using our in vitro model of primary human scalp hair follicle melanocytes, we showed that ATM expression increased after incubation with the pro-oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). In addition, this ATM increase was prevented by pre-incubation of cells with antioxidants. The relationship between ATM and redox stress sensing was further evidenced as we observed that the inhibition of ATM expression by chemical inhibition promoted the loss of melanocyte viability induced by oxidative stress. Taken together these new findings illustrate the key role of ATM in the protection of human hair follicle melanocytes from oxidative stress/damage within the human scalp hair bulb. In conclusion, these results highlight the remarkable complexity and role of redox sensing in the status of human hair follicle growth, differentiation and pigmentation. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7603349/ /pubmed/33128003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75334-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Sikkink, Stephen K. Mine, Solene Freis, Olga Danoux, Louis Tobin, Desmond J. Stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp |
title | Stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp |
title_full | Stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp |
title_fullStr | Stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp |
title_full_unstemmed | Stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp |
title_short | Stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp |
title_sort | stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7603349/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33128003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75334-9 |
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