Epigenetic Studies Revealed a Ghost Proteome in PC1/3 KD Macrophages under Antitumoral Resistance Induced by IL-10

[Image: see text] Our previous investigation on macrophages has allowed us to show that the inhibition of the enzyme proprotein convertase (PC1/3) controls the activation of macrophages. We demonstrated that PC1/3 knockdown (KD) in macrophages exhibits an increased secretion of proinflammatory and antitumoral factors. In this biological context, we assessed the presence of histone modifications and the presence and contribution of a “ghost proteome” in these macrophages. We identified a set of alternative proteins (AltProts) that have a key role in the regulation of various signaling pathways. In this study, to further investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the resistance of PC1/3-KD macrophages to anti-inflammatory stimuli, we have conducted a proteomic system biology study to assess the epigenome variation, focusing on histone modifications. Results from our study have indicated the presence of significant variations in histone modifications along with the identification of 28 AltProts, which can be correlated with antitumoral resistance under IL-10 stimulation. These findings highlight a key role of altered epigenome histone modifications in driving resistance and indicate that like the reference proteins, AltProts can have a major impact in the field of epigenetics and regulation of gene expression, as shown in our results.