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Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance

High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5–6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics; however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids (FA). Sever...

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Autores principales: Bionaz, Massimo, Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar, Busato, Sebastiano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7667790/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33292523
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-00512-8
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author Bionaz, Massimo
Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar
Busato, Sebastiano
author_facet Bionaz, Massimo
Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar
Busato, Sebastiano
author_sort Bionaz, Massimo
collection PubMed
description High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5–6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics; however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids (FA). Several FA are highly bioactive, especially by affecting the transcriptome; thus, they have nutrigenomic effects. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of the utilization of FA by dairy cows including the main processes affecting FA in the rumen, molecular aspects of the absorption of FA by the gut, synthesis, secretion, and utilization of chylomicrons; uptake and metabolism of FA by peripheral tissues, with a main emphasis on the liver, and main transcription factors regulated by FA. Most of the advances in FA utilization by rumen microorganisms and intestinal absorption of FA in dairy cows were made before the end of the last century with little information generated afterwards. However, large advances on the molecular aspects of intestinal absorption and cellular uptake of FA were made on monogastric species in the last 20 years. We provide a model of FA utilization in dairy cows by using information generated in monogastrics and enriching it with data produced in dairy cows. We also reviewed the latest studies on the effects of dietary FA on milk yield, milk fatty acid composition, reproduction, and health in dairy cows. The reviewed data revealed a complex picture with the FA being active in each step of the way, starting from influencing rumen microbiota, regulating intestinal absorption, and affecting cellular uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, making prediction on in vivo nutrigenomic effects of FA challenging.
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spelling pubmed-76677902020-11-17 Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance Bionaz, Massimo Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar Busato, Sebastiano J Anim Sci Biotechnol Review High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5–6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics; however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids (FA). Several FA are highly bioactive, especially by affecting the transcriptome; thus, they have nutrigenomic effects. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of the utilization of FA by dairy cows including the main processes affecting FA in the rumen, molecular aspects of the absorption of FA by the gut, synthesis, secretion, and utilization of chylomicrons; uptake and metabolism of FA by peripheral tissues, with a main emphasis on the liver, and main transcription factors regulated by FA. Most of the advances in FA utilization by rumen microorganisms and intestinal absorption of FA in dairy cows were made before the end of the last century with little information generated afterwards. However, large advances on the molecular aspects of intestinal absorption and cellular uptake of FA were made on monogastric species in the last 20 years. We provide a model of FA utilization in dairy cows by using information generated in monogastrics and enriching it with data produced in dairy cows. We also reviewed the latest studies on the effects of dietary FA on milk yield, milk fatty acid composition, reproduction, and health in dairy cows. The reviewed data revealed a complex picture with the FA being active in each step of the way, starting from influencing rumen microbiota, regulating intestinal absorption, and affecting cellular uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, making prediction on in vivo nutrigenomic effects of FA challenging. BioMed Central 2020-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7667790/ /pubmed/33292523 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-00512-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Bionaz, Massimo
Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar
Busato, Sebastiano
Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance
title Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance
title_full Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance
title_fullStr Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance
title_full_unstemmed Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance
title_short Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance
title_sort advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7667790/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33292523
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-00512-8
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