Cargando…
Development of a Treatment Protocol for Cobra (Naja naja) Bite Envenoming in Dogs
There is limited information on clinical profiles, treatment, and management aspects of Indian cobra (Naja naja) bite envenoming in dogs in Sri Lanka. Dogs with cobra bites presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), University of Peradeniya, were prospectively studied over a period of 72 m...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7694019/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33147770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110694 |
_version_ | 1783614879997886464 |
---|---|
author | Adhikari, Ranjith Suriyagoda, Lalith Premarathna, Amal De Silva, Niranjala Dangolla, Ashoka Mallawa, Chandima Silva, Indira Gawarammana, Indika |
author_facet | Adhikari, Ranjith Suriyagoda, Lalith Premarathna, Amal De Silva, Niranjala Dangolla, Ashoka Mallawa, Chandima Silva, Indira Gawarammana, Indika |
author_sort | Adhikari, Ranjith |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is limited information on clinical profiles, treatment, and management aspects of Indian cobra (Naja naja) bite envenoming in dogs in Sri Lanka. Dogs with cobra bites presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), University of Peradeniya, were prospectively studied over a period of 72 months; local and systemic clinical manifestations and hematological abnormalities were recorded. We studied 116 cobra bite envenomings in dogs. A grading system was established using a combination of anatomical site of fang marks, as well as local and systemic clinical manifestations. Accordingly, treatment strategies were established using Indian polyvalent antivenom (AVS). Pain and swelling at the bite site were major clinical signs observed, while neurotoxic manifestations (mydriasis, wheezing, and crackles) were detected in most dogs. Leukocytosis was observed in 78% of them. Statistical analysis revealed that the grading scores obtained were compatible to initiate AVS administration according to the severity. The minimum number required was 2 AVS vials (range 2–12). Almost 20% of the dogs developed wheezing, crackles, hypersalivation, restlessness, and dyspnea as adverse reactions to AVS treatment. Necrotic wounds on bitten anatomical sites developed in 19% of the dogs and 2.5% developed acute kidney injuries as a consequence of envenoming crisis. Despite treatment, 3% of dogs died. No dry bites were recorded. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7694019 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76940192020-11-28 Development of a Treatment Protocol for Cobra (Naja naja) Bite Envenoming in Dogs Adhikari, Ranjith Suriyagoda, Lalith Premarathna, Amal De Silva, Niranjala Dangolla, Ashoka Mallawa, Chandima Silva, Indira Gawarammana, Indika Toxins (Basel) Article There is limited information on clinical profiles, treatment, and management aspects of Indian cobra (Naja naja) bite envenoming in dogs in Sri Lanka. Dogs with cobra bites presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), University of Peradeniya, were prospectively studied over a period of 72 months; local and systemic clinical manifestations and hematological abnormalities were recorded. We studied 116 cobra bite envenomings in dogs. A grading system was established using a combination of anatomical site of fang marks, as well as local and systemic clinical manifestations. Accordingly, treatment strategies were established using Indian polyvalent antivenom (AVS). Pain and swelling at the bite site were major clinical signs observed, while neurotoxic manifestations (mydriasis, wheezing, and crackles) were detected in most dogs. Leukocytosis was observed in 78% of them. Statistical analysis revealed that the grading scores obtained were compatible to initiate AVS administration according to the severity. The minimum number required was 2 AVS vials (range 2–12). Almost 20% of the dogs developed wheezing, crackles, hypersalivation, restlessness, and dyspnea as adverse reactions to AVS treatment. Necrotic wounds on bitten anatomical sites developed in 19% of the dogs and 2.5% developed acute kidney injuries as a consequence of envenoming crisis. Despite treatment, 3% of dogs died. No dry bites were recorded. MDPI 2020-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7694019/ /pubmed/33147770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110694 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Adhikari, Ranjith Suriyagoda, Lalith Premarathna, Amal De Silva, Niranjala Dangolla, Ashoka Mallawa, Chandima Silva, Indira Gawarammana, Indika Development of a Treatment Protocol for Cobra (Naja naja) Bite Envenoming in Dogs |
title | Development of a Treatment Protocol for Cobra (Naja naja) Bite Envenoming in Dogs |
title_full | Development of a Treatment Protocol for Cobra (Naja naja) Bite Envenoming in Dogs |
title_fullStr | Development of a Treatment Protocol for Cobra (Naja naja) Bite Envenoming in Dogs |
title_full_unstemmed | Development of a Treatment Protocol for Cobra (Naja naja) Bite Envenoming in Dogs |
title_short | Development of a Treatment Protocol for Cobra (Naja naja) Bite Envenoming in Dogs |
title_sort | development of a treatment protocol for cobra (naja naja) bite envenoming in dogs |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7694019/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33147770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110694 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT adhikariranjith developmentofatreatmentprotocolforcobranajanajabiteenvenomingindogs AT suriyagodalalith developmentofatreatmentprotocolforcobranajanajabiteenvenomingindogs AT premarathnaamal developmentofatreatmentprotocolforcobranajanajabiteenvenomingindogs AT desilvaniranjala developmentofatreatmentprotocolforcobranajanajabiteenvenomingindogs AT dangollaashoka developmentofatreatmentprotocolforcobranajanajabiteenvenomingindogs AT mallawachandima developmentofatreatmentprotocolforcobranajanajabiteenvenomingindogs AT silvaindira developmentofatreatmentprotocolforcobranajanajabiteenvenomingindogs AT gawarammanaindika developmentofatreatmentprotocolforcobranajanajabiteenvenomingindogs |