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Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway

Low iodine intakes have been documented in different population groups in Norway. We aimed to assess iodine status, dietary intake, supplement and macroalgae use, and iodine knowledge in vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians. In this study, 115 vegans, 55 vegetarians and 35 pescatarians from the Oslo...

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Autores principales: Groufh-Jacobsen, Synne, Hess, Sonja Y., Aakre, Inger, Folven Gjengedal, Elin Lovise, Blandhoel Pettersen, Kristina, Henjum, Sigrun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699510/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33233534
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113555
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author Groufh-Jacobsen, Synne
Hess, Sonja Y.
Aakre, Inger
Folven Gjengedal, Elin Lovise
Blandhoel Pettersen, Kristina
Henjum, Sigrun
author_facet Groufh-Jacobsen, Synne
Hess, Sonja Y.
Aakre, Inger
Folven Gjengedal, Elin Lovise
Blandhoel Pettersen, Kristina
Henjum, Sigrun
author_sort Groufh-Jacobsen, Synne
collection PubMed
description Low iodine intakes have been documented in different population groups in Norway. We aimed to assess iodine status, dietary intake, supplement and macroalgae use, and iodine knowledge in vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians. In this study, 115 vegans, 55 vegetarians and 35 pescatarians from the Oslo region of Norway, aged 18–60 years, participated. A spot urine sample was collected along with a dietary assessment of iodine intake, supplement and macroalgae use. The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) in vegans was 43 µg/L (moderate iodine deficiency), in vegetarians 67 µg/L and in pescatarians 96 µg/L (mild iodine deficiency). In multiple linear regression analysis, use of iodine supplements was one of the strongest predictors of UIC. About half of the participants had median 24-h iodine intakes below estimated average requirement (EAR) of 100 µg/day. Fifty percent had low knowledge score, while 27% had very low knowledge score. Vegans, vegetarians and possibly pescatarians in Norway, are unable to reach the recommended iodine intake merely from food and are dependent on iodine supplements. There is an urgent need for dietary guidance targeting vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians to avoid inadequate iodine intake in non-supplement users, as well as avoiding excess iodine intake in macroalgae users.
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spelling pubmed-76995102020-11-29 Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway Groufh-Jacobsen, Synne Hess, Sonja Y. Aakre, Inger Folven Gjengedal, Elin Lovise Blandhoel Pettersen, Kristina Henjum, Sigrun Nutrients Article Low iodine intakes have been documented in different population groups in Norway. We aimed to assess iodine status, dietary intake, supplement and macroalgae use, and iodine knowledge in vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians. In this study, 115 vegans, 55 vegetarians and 35 pescatarians from the Oslo region of Norway, aged 18–60 years, participated. A spot urine sample was collected along with a dietary assessment of iodine intake, supplement and macroalgae use. The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) in vegans was 43 µg/L (moderate iodine deficiency), in vegetarians 67 µg/L and in pescatarians 96 µg/L (mild iodine deficiency). In multiple linear regression analysis, use of iodine supplements was one of the strongest predictors of UIC. About half of the participants had median 24-h iodine intakes below estimated average requirement (EAR) of 100 µg/day. Fifty percent had low knowledge score, while 27% had very low knowledge score. Vegans, vegetarians and possibly pescatarians in Norway, are unable to reach the recommended iodine intake merely from food and are dependent on iodine supplements. There is an urgent need for dietary guidance targeting vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians to avoid inadequate iodine intake in non-supplement users, as well as avoiding excess iodine intake in macroalgae users. MDPI 2020-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7699510/ /pubmed/33233534 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113555 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Groufh-Jacobsen, Synne
Hess, Sonja Y.
Aakre, Inger
Folven Gjengedal, Elin Lovise
Blandhoel Pettersen, Kristina
Henjum, Sigrun
Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway
title Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway
title_full Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway
title_fullStr Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway
title_full_unstemmed Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway
title_short Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway
title_sort vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians are at risk of iodine deficiency in norway
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699510/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33233534
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113555
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