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Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water Modulates the Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi
Chagas disease is a major public health problem in Latin America. The mixed Th1/Th2 immune response is required against Trypanosoma cruzi. Electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) has been shown to have germicidal efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EOW effectiveness in T. cruzi-infe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7700191/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33238401 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110974 |
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author | Rodríguez-Morales, Olivia Cabrera-Mata, Juan José Carrillo-Sánchez, Silvia del C. Gutiérrez-Ocejo, Rodolfo A. Baylón-Pacheco, Lidia Pérez-Reyes, Olga L. Rosales-Encina, José Luis Aranda-Fraustro, Alberto Hernández-García, Sergio Arce-Fonseca, Minerva |
author_facet | Rodríguez-Morales, Olivia Cabrera-Mata, Juan José Carrillo-Sánchez, Silvia del C. Gutiérrez-Ocejo, Rodolfo A. Baylón-Pacheco, Lidia Pérez-Reyes, Olga L. Rosales-Encina, José Luis Aranda-Fraustro, Alberto Hernández-García, Sergio Arce-Fonseca, Minerva |
author_sort | Rodríguez-Morales, Olivia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chagas disease is a major public health problem in Latin America. The mixed Th1/Th2 immune response is required against Trypanosoma cruzi. Electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) has been shown to have germicidal efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EOW effectiveness in T. cruzi-infected BALB/c mice clinically, immunologically, and histologically. The severity of the infection was assessed by parasitaemia, general health condition, mortality, mega syndromes, and histological lesions. IgG, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-1 beta levels were quantified. The EOW administration showed a beneficial effect on parasitaemia, general physical condition, and mortality. High levels of IgG1 at 50 days postinfection were observed. Prophylactic EOW treatment was able to induce a predominantly TH1 immune response based on an IgG2a levels increase at the late acute phase, and a 10-fold increase of IFN-gamma in whole acute phase. EOW was able to control the acute phase infection as effectively as benznidazole. Splenomegaly was caused by EOW treatment and lymphadenopathy was stimulated by T. cruzi infection in all groups. Severe tissue damage was not prevented by EOW treatments. Moderate efficacy may be due to immunomodulatory properties and not to a direct toxic effect on the parasite. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7700191 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77001912020-11-30 Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water Modulates the Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Rodríguez-Morales, Olivia Cabrera-Mata, Juan José Carrillo-Sánchez, Silvia del C. Gutiérrez-Ocejo, Rodolfo A. Baylón-Pacheco, Lidia Pérez-Reyes, Olga L. Rosales-Encina, José Luis Aranda-Fraustro, Alberto Hernández-García, Sergio Arce-Fonseca, Minerva Pathogens Article Chagas disease is a major public health problem in Latin America. The mixed Th1/Th2 immune response is required against Trypanosoma cruzi. Electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) has been shown to have germicidal efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EOW effectiveness in T. cruzi-infected BALB/c mice clinically, immunologically, and histologically. The severity of the infection was assessed by parasitaemia, general health condition, mortality, mega syndromes, and histological lesions. IgG, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-1 beta levels were quantified. The EOW administration showed a beneficial effect on parasitaemia, general physical condition, and mortality. High levels of IgG1 at 50 days postinfection were observed. Prophylactic EOW treatment was able to induce a predominantly TH1 immune response based on an IgG2a levels increase at the late acute phase, and a 10-fold increase of IFN-gamma in whole acute phase. EOW was able to control the acute phase infection as effectively as benznidazole. Splenomegaly was caused by EOW treatment and lymphadenopathy was stimulated by T. cruzi infection in all groups. Severe tissue damage was not prevented by EOW treatments. Moderate efficacy may be due to immunomodulatory properties and not to a direct toxic effect on the parasite. MDPI 2020-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7700191/ /pubmed/33238401 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110974 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rodríguez-Morales, Olivia Cabrera-Mata, Juan José Carrillo-Sánchez, Silvia del C. Gutiérrez-Ocejo, Rodolfo A. Baylón-Pacheco, Lidia Pérez-Reyes, Olga L. Rosales-Encina, José Luis Aranda-Fraustro, Alberto Hernández-García, Sergio Arce-Fonseca, Minerva Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water Modulates the Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi |
title | Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water Modulates the Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi |
title_full | Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water Modulates the Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi |
title_fullStr | Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water Modulates the Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi |
title_full_unstemmed | Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water Modulates the Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi |
title_short | Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water Modulates the Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi |
title_sort | electrolyzed oxidizing water modulates the immune response in balb/c mice experimentally infected with trypanosoma cruzi |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7700191/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33238401 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110974 |
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