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Effect of the Verbal Encouragement on Psychophysiological and Affective Responses during Small-Sided Games
Verbal encouragement (VE) is considered as external motivation provided by physical education teacher. For this reason, this study aimed to examine the effects of VE on psychophysiological and affective responses during small-sided games (SSG). Sixteen male school students (age: 17.37 ± 0.48 years)...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731112/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33260395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238884 |
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author | Sahli, Hajer Selmi, Okba Zghibi, Makrem Hill, Lee Rosemann, Thomas Knechtle, Beat Clemente, Filipe Manuel |
author_facet | Sahli, Hajer Selmi, Okba Zghibi, Makrem Hill, Lee Rosemann, Thomas Knechtle, Beat Clemente, Filipe Manuel |
author_sort | Sahli, Hajer |
collection | PubMed |
description | Verbal encouragement (VE) is considered as external motivation provided by physical education teacher. For this reason, this study aimed to examine the effects of VE on psychophysiological and affective responses during small-sided games (SSG). Sixteen male school students (age: 17.37 ± 0.48 years) completed four sessions of a 4-a-side SSG. Two sessions occurred with VE (SSGE), and two sessions did not include VE (SSGNE). Heart rate was continuously recorded, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration ([La]b) were measured after each training session. Physical enjoyment was assessed after each protocol. Mood state was recorded before and after each training session using the profile of mood-state. HR max, [La]b, RPE, Physical enjoyment, and vigor were higher in SSGE compared to SSGNE (all, p < 0.001). The SSGE and SSGNE resulted in a decreased total mood disturbance (TMD) (p = 0.001, ES = 0.60; p = 0.04, ES = 0.33, respectively) and tension (p < 0.001, ES = 0.91; p = 0.004, ES = 0.47, respectively), and the vigor was increased after the SSGE (p < 0.001, ES = 0.76). SSGE and SSGNE induce similar improvement in TMD and tension. However, SSGE induced higher physiological responses, RPE, enjoyment, and positive mood than SSGNE. Physical education teachers could use VE during specific soccer sessions to improve physical aspects, enjoyment, and mood in participants. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7731112 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77311122020-12-12 Effect of the Verbal Encouragement on Psychophysiological and Affective Responses during Small-Sided Games Sahli, Hajer Selmi, Okba Zghibi, Makrem Hill, Lee Rosemann, Thomas Knechtle, Beat Clemente, Filipe Manuel Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Verbal encouragement (VE) is considered as external motivation provided by physical education teacher. For this reason, this study aimed to examine the effects of VE on psychophysiological and affective responses during small-sided games (SSG). Sixteen male school students (age: 17.37 ± 0.48 years) completed four sessions of a 4-a-side SSG. Two sessions occurred with VE (SSGE), and two sessions did not include VE (SSGNE). Heart rate was continuously recorded, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration ([La]b) were measured after each training session. Physical enjoyment was assessed after each protocol. Mood state was recorded before and after each training session using the profile of mood-state. HR max, [La]b, RPE, Physical enjoyment, and vigor were higher in SSGE compared to SSGNE (all, p < 0.001). The SSGE and SSGNE resulted in a decreased total mood disturbance (TMD) (p = 0.001, ES = 0.60; p = 0.04, ES = 0.33, respectively) and tension (p < 0.001, ES = 0.91; p = 0.004, ES = 0.47, respectively), and the vigor was increased after the SSGE (p < 0.001, ES = 0.76). SSGE and SSGNE induce similar improvement in TMD and tension. However, SSGE induced higher physiological responses, RPE, enjoyment, and positive mood than SSGNE. Physical education teachers could use VE during specific soccer sessions to improve physical aspects, enjoyment, and mood in participants. MDPI 2020-11-29 2020-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7731112/ /pubmed/33260395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238884 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sahli, Hajer Selmi, Okba Zghibi, Makrem Hill, Lee Rosemann, Thomas Knechtle, Beat Clemente, Filipe Manuel Effect of the Verbal Encouragement on Psychophysiological and Affective Responses during Small-Sided Games |
title | Effect of the Verbal Encouragement on Psychophysiological and Affective Responses during Small-Sided Games |
title_full | Effect of the Verbal Encouragement on Psychophysiological and Affective Responses during Small-Sided Games |
title_fullStr | Effect of the Verbal Encouragement on Psychophysiological and Affective Responses during Small-Sided Games |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of the Verbal Encouragement on Psychophysiological and Affective Responses during Small-Sided Games |
title_short | Effect of the Verbal Encouragement on Psychophysiological and Affective Responses during Small-Sided Games |
title_sort | effect of the verbal encouragement on psychophysiological and affective responses during small-sided games |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731112/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33260395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238884 |
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