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Three‐dimensional reconstruction of porous polymer films from FIB‐SEM nanotomography data using random forests

Combined focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) tomography is a well‐established technique for high resolution imaging and reconstruction of the microstructure of a wide range of materials. Segmentation of FIB‐SEM data is complicated due to a number of factors; the most prominen...

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Autores principales: RÖDING, M., FAGER, C., OLSSON, A., VON CORSWANT, C., OLSSON, E., LORÉN, N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7754501/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33439497
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12950
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author RÖDING, M.
FAGER, C.
OLSSON, A.
VON CORSWANT, C.
OLSSON, E.
LORÉN, N.
author_facet RÖDING, M.
FAGER, C.
OLSSON, A.
VON CORSWANT, C.
OLSSON, E.
LORÉN, N.
author_sort RÖDING, M.
collection PubMed
description Combined focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) tomography is a well‐established technique for high resolution imaging and reconstruction of the microstructure of a wide range of materials. Segmentation of FIB‐SEM data is complicated due to a number of factors; the most prominent is that for porous materials, the scanning electron microscope image slices contain information not only from the planar cross‐section of the material but also from underlying, exposed subsurface pores. In this work, we develop a segmentation method for FIB‐SEM data from ethyl cellulose porous films made from ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose (EC/HPC) polymer blends. These materials are used for coating pharmaceutical oral dosage forms (tablets or pellets) to control drug release. We study three samples of ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose with different volume fractions where the hydroxypropyl cellulose phase has been leached out, resulting in a porous material. The data are segmented using scale‐space features and a random forest classifier. We demonstrate good agreement with manual segmentations. The method enables quantitative characterization and subsequent optimization of material structure for controlled release applications. Although the methodology is demonstrated on porous polymer films, it is applicable to other soft porous materials imaged by FIB‐SEM. We make the data and software used publicly available to facilitate further development of FIB‐SEM segmentation methods. LAY DESCRIPTION: For imaging of very fine structures in materials, the resolution limits of, e.g. X‐ray computed tomography quickly become a bottleneck. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides a way out, but it is essentially a two‐dimensional imaging technique. One manner in which to extend it to three dimensions is to use a focused ion beam (FIB) combined with a scanning electron microscopy and acquire tomography data. In FIB‐SEM tomography, ions are used to perform serial sectioning and the electron beam is used to image the cross section surface. This is a well‐established method for a wide range of materials. However, image analysis of FIB‐SEM data is complicated for a variety of reasons, in particular for porous media. In this work, we analyse FIB‐SEM data from ethyl cellulose porous films made from ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose (EC/HPC) polymer blends. These films are used as coatings for controlled drug release. The aim is to perform image segmentation, i.e. to identify which parts of the image data constitute the pores and the solid, respectively. Manual segmentation, i.e. when a trained operator manually identifies areas constituting pores and solid, is too time‐consuming to do in full for our very large data sets. However, by performing manual segmentation on a set of small, random regions of the data, we can train a machine learning algorithm to perform automatic segmentation on the entire data sets. The method yields good agreement with the manual segmentations and yields porosities of the entire data sets in very good agreement with expected values. The method facilitates understanding and quantitative characterization of the geometrical structure of the materials, and ultimately understanding of how to tailor the drug release.
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spelling pubmed-77545012020-12-28 Three‐dimensional reconstruction of porous polymer films from FIB‐SEM nanotomography data using random forests RÖDING, M. FAGER, C. OLSSON, A. VON CORSWANT, C. OLSSON, E. LORÉN, N. J Microsc Original Articles Combined focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) tomography is a well‐established technique for high resolution imaging and reconstruction of the microstructure of a wide range of materials. Segmentation of FIB‐SEM data is complicated due to a number of factors; the most prominent is that for porous materials, the scanning electron microscope image slices contain information not only from the planar cross‐section of the material but also from underlying, exposed subsurface pores. In this work, we develop a segmentation method for FIB‐SEM data from ethyl cellulose porous films made from ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose (EC/HPC) polymer blends. These materials are used for coating pharmaceutical oral dosage forms (tablets or pellets) to control drug release. We study three samples of ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose with different volume fractions where the hydroxypropyl cellulose phase has been leached out, resulting in a porous material. The data are segmented using scale‐space features and a random forest classifier. We demonstrate good agreement with manual segmentations. The method enables quantitative characterization and subsequent optimization of material structure for controlled release applications. Although the methodology is demonstrated on porous polymer films, it is applicable to other soft porous materials imaged by FIB‐SEM. We make the data and software used publicly available to facilitate further development of FIB‐SEM segmentation methods. LAY DESCRIPTION: For imaging of very fine structures in materials, the resolution limits of, e.g. X‐ray computed tomography quickly become a bottleneck. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides a way out, but it is essentially a two‐dimensional imaging technique. One manner in which to extend it to three dimensions is to use a focused ion beam (FIB) combined with a scanning electron microscopy and acquire tomography data. In FIB‐SEM tomography, ions are used to perform serial sectioning and the electron beam is used to image the cross section surface. This is a well‐established method for a wide range of materials. However, image analysis of FIB‐SEM data is complicated for a variety of reasons, in particular for porous media. In this work, we analyse FIB‐SEM data from ethyl cellulose porous films made from ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose (EC/HPC) polymer blends. These films are used as coatings for controlled drug release. The aim is to perform image segmentation, i.e. to identify which parts of the image data constitute the pores and the solid, respectively. Manual segmentation, i.e. when a trained operator manually identifies areas constituting pores and solid, is too time‐consuming to do in full for our very large data sets. However, by performing manual segmentation on a set of small, random regions of the data, we can train a machine learning algorithm to perform automatic segmentation on the entire data sets. The method yields good agreement with the manual segmentations and yields porosities of the entire data sets in very good agreement with expected values. The method facilitates understanding and quantitative characterization of the geometrical structure of the materials, and ultimately understanding of how to tailor the drug release. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-08-19 2021-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7754501/ /pubmed/33439497 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12950 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Microscopy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Microscopical Society This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
RÖDING, M.
FAGER, C.
OLSSON, A.
VON CORSWANT, C.
OLSSON, E.
LORÉN, N.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of porous polymer films from FIB‐SEM nanotomography data using random forests
title Three‐dimensional reconstruction of porous polymer films from FIB‐SEM nanotomography data using random forests
title_full Three‐dimensional reconstruction of porous polymer films from FIB‐SEM nanotomography data using random forests
title_fullStr Three‐dimensional reconstruction of porous polymer films from FIB‐SEM nanotomography data using random forests
title_full_unstemmed Three‐dimensional reconstruction of porous polymer films from FIB‐SEM nanotomography data using random forests
title_short Three‐dimensional reconstruction of porous polymer films from FIB‐SEM nanotomography data using random forests
title_sort three‐dimensional reconstruction of porous polymer films from fib‐sem nanotomography data using random forests
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7754501/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33439497
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12950
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