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Co-movement of astral microtubules, organelles and F-actin by dynein and actomyosin forces in frog egg cytoplasm

How bulk cytoplasm generates forces to separate post-anaphase microtubule (MT) asters in Xenopus laevis and other large eggs remains unclear. Previous models proposed that dynein-based, inward organelle transport generates length-dependent pulling forces that move centrosomes and MTs outwards, while...

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Autores principales: Pelletier, James F, Field, Christine M, Fürthauer, Sebastian, Sonnett, Matthew, Mitchison, Timothy J
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7759381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33284105
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.60047
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author Pelletier, James F
Field, Christine M
Fürthauer, Sebastian
Sonnett, Matthew
Mitchison, Timothy J
author_facet Pelletier, James F
Field, Christine M
Fürthauer, Sebastian
Sonnett, Matthew
Mitchison, Timothy J
author_sort Pelletier, James F
collection PubMed
description How bulk cytoplasm generates forces to separate post-anaphase microtubule (MT) asters in Xenopus laevis and other large eggs remains unclear. Previous models proposed that dynein-based, inward organelle transport generates length-dependent pulling forces that move centrosomes and MTs outwards, while other components of cytoplasm are static. We imaged aster movement by dynein and actomyosin forces in Xenopus egg extracts and observed outward co-movement of MTs, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, acidic organelles, F-actin, keratin, and soluble fluorescein. Organelles exhibited a burst of dynein-dependent inward movement at the growing aster periphery, then mostly halted inside the aster, while dynein-coated beads moved to the aster center at a constant rate, suggesting organelle movement is limited by brake proteins or other sources of drag. These observations call for new models in which all components of the cytoplasm comprise a mechanically integrated aster gel that moves collectively in response to dynein and actomyosin forces.
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spelling pubmed-77593812020-12-28 Co-movement of astral microtubules, organelles and F-actin by dynein and actomyosin forces in frog egg cytoplasm Pelletier, James F Field, Christine M Fürthauer, Sebastian Sonnett, Matthew Mitchison, Timothy J eLife Cell Biology How bulk cytoplasm generates forces to separate post-anaphase microtubule (MT) asters in Xenopus laevis and other large eggs remains unclear. Previous models proposed that dynein-based, inward organelle transport generates length-dependent pulling forces that move centrosomes and MTs outwards, while other components of cytoplasm are static. We imaged aster movement by dynein and actomyosin forces in Xenopus egg extracts and observed outward co-movement of MTs, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, acidic organelles, F-actin, keratin, and soluble fluorescein. Organelles exhibited a burst of dynein-dependent inward movement at the growing aster periphery, then mostly halted inside the aster, while dynein-coated beads moved to the aster center at a constant rate, suggesting organelle movement is limited by brake proteins or other sources of drag. These observations call for new models in which all components of the cytoplasm comprise a mechanically integrated aster gel that moves collectively in response to dynein and actomyosin forces. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2020-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7759381/ /pubmed/33284105 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.60047 Text en © 2020, Pelletier et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Cell Biology
Pelletier, James F
Field, Christine M
Fürthauer, Sebastian
Sonnett, Matthew
Mitchison, Timothy J
Co-movement of astral microtubules, organelles and F-actin by dynein and actomyosin forces in frog egg cytoplasm
title Co-movement of astral microtubules, organelles and F-actin by dynein and actomyosin forces in frog egg cytoplasm
title_full Co-movement of astral microtubules, organelles and F-actin by dynein and actomyosin forces in frog egg cytoplasm
title_fullStr Co-movement of astral microtubules, organelles and F-actin by dynein and actomyosin forces in frog egg cytoplasm
title_full_unstemmed Co-movement of astral microtubules, organelles and F-actin by dynein and actomyosin forces in frog egg cytoplasm
title_short Co-movement of astral microtubules, organelles and F-actin by dynein and actomyosin forces in frog egg cytoplasm
title_sort co-movement of astral microtubules, organelles and f-actin by dynein and actomyosin forces in frog egg cytoplasm
topic Cell Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7759381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33284105
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.60047
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