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AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR Signaling Pathway Involved in Angiotensin II-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis after HIE Both In Vitro and In Vivo
OBJECTIVE: The focus of the present study is to evaluate the effects of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on neuronal apoptosis after HIE and the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Primary neonatal rat cortical neurons were used to study the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model. The expressions...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7773460/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33425219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8864323 |
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author | Si, Wei Li, Banghui Lenahan, Cameron Li, Shirong Gu, Ran Qu, Hao Wang, Lu Liu, Jiapeng Tian, Tian Wang, Qian XikeWang, Hu, Xiao Zuo, Gang |
author_facet | Si, Wei Li, Banghui Lenahan, Cameron Li, Shirong Gu, Ran Qu, Hao Wang, Lu Liu, Jiapeng Tian, Tian Wang, Qian XikeWang, Hu, Xiao Zuo, Gang |
author_sort | Si, Wei |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: The focus of the present study is to evaluate the effects of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on neuronal apoptosis after HIE and the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Primary neonatal rat cortical neurons were used to study the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model. The expressions of Ang II, AT1R, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, mTOR, p-mTOR, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were detected via western blot. IF and flow cytometry were used to evaluate neuronal apoptosis. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Ang II in vivo. Cerebral infarction areas were detected by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The righting and geotaxis reflexes were also recorded. In addition, Fluoro-Jade C staining and TUNEL staining were performed to evaluate neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. RESULTS: Ang II significantly increased the rate of neuronal apoptosis, upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, and downregulated Bcl-2/Bax ratio after OGD insult. For vivo assay, the expressions of endogenous Ang II and AT1R gradually increased and peaked at 24 h after HIE. Ang II increased NeuN-positive AT1R cell expression. In addition, Ang II increased the area of cerebral infarction, promoted neuronal degeneration and apoptosis, aggravated neurological deficits on righting and geotaxis reflexes, and was accompanied by increased expressions of phosphorylated GSK-3β and mTOR. The application of valsartan (Ang II inhibitor) or SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitor) reversed these phenomena triggered by Ang II following HIE. CONCLUSION: Ang II increased neuronal apoptosis through the AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR signaling pathway after experimental HIE both in vitro and in vivo, and Ang II may serve as a novel therapeutic target to ameliorate brain injury after HIE. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7773460 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77734602021-01-07 AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR Signaling Pathway Involved in Angiotensin II-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis after HIE Both In Vitro and In Vivo Si, Wei Li, Banghui Lenahan, Cameron Li, Shirong Gu, Ran Qu, Hao Wang, Lu Liu, Jiapeng Tian, Tian Wang, Qian XikeWang, Hu, Xiao Zuo, Gang Oxid Med Cell Longev Research Article OBJECTIVE: The focus of the present study is to evaluate the effects of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on neuronal apoptosis after HIE and the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Primary neonatal rat cortical neurons were used to study the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model. The expressions of Ang II, AT1R, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, mTOR, p-mTOR, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were detected via western blot. IF and flow cytometry were used to evaluate neuronal apoptosis. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Ang II in vivo. Cerebral infarction areas were detected by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The righting and geotaxis reflexes were also recorded. In addition, Fluoro-Jade C staining and TUNEL staining were performed to evaluate neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. RESULTS: Ang II significantly increased the rate of neuronal apoptosis, upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, and downregulated Bcl-2/Bax ratio after OGD insult. For vivo assay, the expressions of endogenous Ang II and AT1R gradually increased and peaked at 24 h after HIE. Ang II increased NeuN-positive AT1R cell expression. In addition, Ang II increased the area of cerebral infarction, promoted neuronal degeneration and apoptosis, aggravated neurological deficits on righting and geotaxis reflexes, and was accompanied by increased expressions of phosphorylated GSK-3β and mTOR. The application of valsartan (Ang II inhibitor) or SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitor) reversed these phenomena triggered by Ang II following HIE. CONCLUSION: Ang II increased neuronal apoptosis through the AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR signaling pathway after experimental HIE both in vitro and in vivo, and Ang II may serve as a novel therapeutic target to ameliorate brain injury after HIE. Hindawi 2020-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7773460/ /pubmed/33425219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8864323 Text en Copyright © 2020 Wei Si et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Si, Wei Li, Banghui Lenahan, Cameron Li, Shirong Gu, Ran Qu, Hao Wang, Lu Liu, Jiapeng Tian, Tian Wang, Qian XikeWang, Hu, Xiao Zuo, Gang AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR Signaling Pathway Involved in Angiotensin II-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis after HIE Both In Vitro and In Vivo |
title | AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR Signaling Pathway Involved in Angiotensin II-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis after HIE Both In Vitro and In Vivo |
title_full | AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR Signaling Pathway Involved in Angiotensin II-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis after HIE Both In Vitro and In Vivo |
title_fullStr | AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR Signaling Pathway Involved in Angiotensin II-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis after HIE Both In Vitro and In Vivo |
title_full_unstemmed | AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR Signaling Pathway Involved in Angiotensin II-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis after HIE Both In Vitro and In Vivo |
title_short | AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR Signaling Pathway Involved in Angiotensin II-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis after HIE Both In Vitro and In Vivo |
title_sort | at1r/gsk-3β/mtor signaling pathway involved in angiotensin ii-induced neuronal apoptosis after hie both in vitro and in vivo |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7773460/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33425219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8864323 |
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