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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Association Between Child and Adolescent Depression and Later Educational Attainment

OBJECTIVE: The association between depression and educational attainment in young people is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the longitudinal association between depression and subsequent attainment, and its potential effect modifiers and mediators. METHOD: We searched Emba...

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Autores principales: Wickersham, Alice, Sugg, Holly V.R., Epstein, Sophie, Stewart, Robert, Ford, Tamsin, Downs, Johnny
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7779367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33130250
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.10.008
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author Wickersham, Alice
Sugg, Holly V.R.
Epstein, Sophie
Stewart, Robert
Ford, Tamsin
Downs, Johnny
author_facet Wickersham, Alice
Sugg, Holly V.R.
Epstein, Sophie
Stewart, Robert
Ford, Tamsin
Downs, Johnny
author_sort Wickersham, Alice
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: The association between depression and educational attainment in young people is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the longitudinal association between depression and subsequent attainment, and its potential effect modifiers and mediators. METHOD: We searched Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, ERIC, and the British Education Index from inception to October 23, 2019, conducted citation searching, and contacted authors for articles. Eligible studies reported on the longitudinal association between depression in children and adolescents 4 to 18 years of age and later educational attainment. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Correlation coefficients were pooled in meta-analysis, and effect modifiers were explored using meta-regression and stratification. Other evidence on confounders, modifiers, and mediators was narratively synthesized. The PROSPERO record for the study is CRD42019123068. RESULTS: A total of 31 studies were included, of which 22 were pooled in meta-analysis. There was a small but statistically significant association between depression and lower subsequent attainment (pooled Fisher z = −0.19, 95% CI = −0.22 to −0.16, I(2) = 62.9%). A total of 15 studies also reported an enduring effect after adjusting for various confounders. No statistically significant effect modifiers were identified. Social and school problems may mediate between depression and low attainment. CONCLUSION: Depression was associated with lower educational attainment, but further research is needed to establish mechanisms. Nonetheless, there is a clear need for mental health and educational support among children and adolescents with depression.
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spelling pubmed-77793672021-01-08 Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Association Between Child and Adolescent Depression and Later Educational Attainment Wickersham, Alice Sugg, Holly V.R. Epstein, Sophie Stewart, Robert Ford, Tamsin Downs, Johnny J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Review OBJECTIVE: The association between depression and educational attainment in young people is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the longitudinal association between depression and subsequent attainment, and its potential effect modifiers and mediators. METHOD: We searched Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, ERIC, and the British Education Index from inception to October 23, 2019, conducted citation searching, and contacted authors for articles. Eligible studies reported on the longitudinal association between depression in children and adolescents 4 to 18 years of age and later educational attainment. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Correlation coefficients were pooled in meta-analysis, and effect modifiers were explored using meta-regression and stratification. Other evidence on confounders, modifiers, and mediators was narratively synthesized. The PROSPERO record for the study is CRD42019123068. RESULTS: A total of 31 studies were included, of which 22 were pooled in meta-analysis. There was a small but statistically significant association between depression and lower subsequent attainment (pooled Fisher z = −0.19, 95% CI = −0.22 to −0.16, I(2) = 62.9%). A total of 15 studies also reported an enduring effect after adjusting for various confounders. No statistically significant effect modifiers were identified. Social and school problems may mediate between depression and low attainment. CONCLUSION: Depression was associated with lower educational attainment, but further research is needed to establish mechanisms. Nonetheless, there is a clear need for mental health and educational support among children and adolescents with depression. Elsevier 2021-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7779367/ /pubmed/33130250 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.10.008 Text en ©2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Wickersham, Alice
Sugg, Holly V.R.
Epstein, Sophie
Stewart, Robert
Ford, Tamsin
Downs, Johnny
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Association Between Child and Adolescent Depression and Later Educational Attainment
title Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Association Between Child and Adolescent Depression and Later Educational Attainment
title_full Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Association Between Child and Adolescent Depression and Later Educational Attainment
title_fullStr Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Association Between Child and Adolescent Depression and Later Educational Attainment
title_full_unstemmed Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Association Between Child and Adolescent Depression and Later Educational Attainment
title_short Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Association Between Child and Adolescent Depression and Later Educational Attainment
title_sort systematic review and meta-analysis: the association between child and adolescent depression and later educational attainment
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7779367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33130250
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.10.008
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