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Discovery and Development of a Novel mPGES-1/5-LOX Dual Inhibitor LFA-9 for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors, have been explored for prevention and treatment of several inflammatory chronic conditions including arthritis, and cancer. However, the long-term use of these drugs is associated with gastrointestinal, r...

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Autores principales: Yarla, Nagendra Sastri, Pathuri, Gopal, Gali, Hariprasad, Terzyan, Simon, Panneerselvam, Janani, Chandrakesan, Parthasarathy, Scotti, Marcus Tullius, Houchen, Courtney, Madka, Venkateshwar, Rao, Chinthalapally V
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7781011/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33408499
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S286110
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author Yarla, Nagendra Sastri
Pathuri, Gopal
Gali, Hariprasad
Terzyan, Simon
Panneerselvam, Janani
Chandrakesan, Parthasarathy
Scotti, Marcus Tullius
Houchen, Courtney
Madka, Venkateshwar
Rao, Chinthalapally V
author_facet Yarla, Nagendra Sastri
Pathuri, Gopal
Gali, Hariprasad
Terzyan, Simon
Panneerselvam, Janani
Chandrakesan, Parthasarathy
Scotti, Marcus Tullius
Houchen, Courtney
Madka, Venkateshwar
Rao, Chinthalapally V
author_sort Yarla, Nagendra Sastri
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors, have been explored for prevention and treatment of several inflammatory chronic conditions including arthritis, and cancer. However, the long-term use of these drugs is associated with gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular side effects. Later, COX/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) dual inhibitors (eg, licofelone) have been developed but did not enter into the market from the clinical trails due to COX-1/2 inhibition-associated side effects. Hence, targeting microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and 5-LOX can be an ideal approach while sparing COX-1/2 activities for development of the next generation of anti-inflammatory drugs with better efficacy and safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In silico (molecular modelling) studies were used to design a mPGES-1/5-LOX dual inhibitory and COX-1/2 sparing lead molecule licofelone analogue-9 (LFA-9) by modifying the pharmacophore of licofelone. In vitro cell-free enzymatic (mPGES-1, 5-LOX, COX-1/2) assays using fluorometric/colorimetric methods and cell-based assays (LPS-induced PGE(2), LTB(4), and PGI(2) productions from macrophages) using ELISA technique, isothermal calorimetry, and circular dichroism techniques were performed to determine the mPGES-1/5-LOX inhibitory efficacy and selectivity. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of LFA-9 was evaluated using a carrageenan (inflammogen)-induced rat paw edema model. Infiltration/expression of CD68 immune cells and TNF-α in paw tissues were evaluated using confocal microscope and immunoblot analysis. Anti-cancer effect of LFA-9 was evaluated using colon spheroids in vitro. RESULTS: LFA‐9 inhibited mPGES-1/5-LOX and their products PGE(2) and LTB(4), spared COX-1/2 and its product PGI(2). LFA‐9 bound strongly with human mPGES‐1/5‐LOX enzymes and induced changes in their secondary structure, thereby inhibited their enzymatic activities. LFA-9 inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation (70.4%) in rats and suppressed CD68 immune cell infiltration (P ≤ 0.0001) and TNF-α expression. LFA-9 suppressed colon tumor stemness (60.2%) in vitro through inhibition of PGE(2) (82%) levels. CONCLUSION: Overall study results suggest that LFA-9 is a mPGES-1/5-LOX dual inhibitor and showed anti-inflammatory and colorectal cancer preventive activities, and warranted detailed studies.
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spelling pubmed-77810112021-01-05 Discovery and Development of a Novel mPGES-1/5-LOX Dual Inhibitor LFA-9 for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Yarla, Nagendra Sastri Pathuri, Gopal Gali, Hariprasad Terzyan, Simon Panneerselvam, Janani Chandrakesan, Parthasarathy Scotti, Marcus Tullius Houchen, Courtney Madka, Venkateshwar Rao, Chinthalapally V J Inflamm Res Original Research BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors, have been explored for prevention and treatment of several inflammatory chronic conditions including arthritis, and cancer. However, the long-term use of these drugs is associated with gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular side effects. Later, COX/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) dual inhibitors (eg, licofelone) have been developed but did not enter into the market from the clinical trails due to COX-1/2 inhibition-associated side effects. Hence, targeting microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and 5-LOX can be an ideal approach while sparing COX-1/2 activities for development of the next generation of anti-inflammatory drugs with better efficacy and safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In silico (molecular modelling) studies were used to design a mPGES-1/5-LOX dual inhibitory and COX-1/2 sparing lead molecule licofelone analogue-9 (LFA-9) by modifying the pharmacophore of licofelone. In vitro cell-free enzymatic (mPGES-1, 5-LOX, COX-1/2) assays using fluorometric/colorimetric methods and cell-based assays (LPS-induced PGE(2), LTB(4), and PGI(2) productions from macrophages) using ELISA technique, isothermal calorimetry, and circular dichroism techniques were performed to determine the mPGES-1/5-LOX inhibitory efficacy and selectivity. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of LFA-9 was evaluated using a carrageenan (inflammogen)-induced rat paw edema model. Infiltration/expression of CD68 immune cells and TNF-α in paw tissues were evaluated using confocal microscope and immunoblot analysis. Anti-cancer effect of LFA-9 was evaluated using colon spheroids in vitro. RESULTS: LFA‐9 inhibited mPGES-1/5-LOX and their products PGE(2) and LTB(4), spared COX-1/2 and its product PGI(2). LFA‐9 bound strongly with human mPGES‐1/5‐LOX enzymes and induced changes in their secondary structure, thereby inhibited their enzymatic activities. LFA-9 inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation (70.4%) in rats and suppressed CD68 immune cell infiltration (P ≤ 0.0001) and TNF-α expression. LFA-9 suppressed colon tumor stemness (60.2%) in vitro through inhibition of PGE(2) (82%) levels. CONCLUSION: Overall study results suggest that LFA-9 is a mPGES-1/5-LOX dual inhibitor and showed anti-inflammatory and colorectal cancer preventive activities, and warranted detailed studies. Dove 2020-12-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7781011/ /pubmed/33408499 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S286110 Text en © 2020 Yarla et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Original Research
Yarla, Nagendra Sastri
Pathuri, Gopal
Gali, Hariprasad
Terzyan, Simon
Panneerselvam, Janani
Chandrakesan, Parthasarathy
Scotti, Marcus Tullius
Houchen, Courtney
Madka, Venkateshwar
Rao, Chinthalapally V
Discovery and Development of a Novel mPGES-1/5-LOX Dual Inhibitor LFA-9 for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
title Discovery and Development of a Novel mPGES-1/5-LOX Dual Inhibitor LFA-9 for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
title_full Discovery and Development of a Novel mPGES-1/5-LOX Dual Inhibitor LFA-9 for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
title_fullStr Discovery and Development of a Novel mPGES-1/5-LOX Dual Inhibitor LFA-9 for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Discovery and Development of a Novel mPGES-1/5-LOX Dual Inhibitor LFA-9 for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
title_short Discovery and Development of a Novel mPGES-1/5-LOX Dual Inhibitor LFA-9 for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
title_sort discovery and development of a novel mpges-1/5-lox dual inhibitor lfa-9 for prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7781011/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33408499
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S286110
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