Hepatic stellate cells specific liposomes with the Toll‐like receptor 4 shRNA attenuates liver fibrosis

The hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a significant role in the onset of liver fibrosis, which can be treated by the inhibition and reversal of HSC activation. The RNA interference‐mediated TLR4 gene silencing might be a potential therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis. The crucial challenge in this method is the absence of an efficient delivery system for the RNAi introduction in the target cells. HSCs have an enhanced capacity of vitamin A intake as they contain retinoic acid receptors (RARs). In the current study, we developed cationic liposomes modified with vitamin A to improve the specificity of delivery vehicles for HSCs. The outcome of this study revealed that the VitA‐coupled cationic liposomes delivered the TLR4 shRNA to aHSCs more efficiently, as compared to the uncoupled cationic liposomes, both in the in vitro and in vivo conditions. Besides, as evident from the outcome of this study, the TLR4 gene silencing inhibited the HSCs activation and attenuated the liver fibrosis via the NF‐κB transcriptional inactivation, pro‐inflammatory cytokines secretion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis. Thus, the VitA‐coupled liposomes encapsulated with the TLR4‐shRNA might prove as an efficient therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis.